W3C

SVG Filters 1.2, Part 2: Language

W3C Working Draft 30 September 2009

This version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-SVGFilter12-2009xxxx/
Latest version:
https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/FXTF/raw-file/tip/filters/publish/Filters.html
Previous version:
http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-SVGFilter12-20070501/
Editor:
Erik Dahlström, Opera Software <ed@opera.com>
Authors:
The authors of this specification are the participants of the W3C SVG Working Group.

THIS SPECIFICATION HAS MOVED. This version is obsolete. The latest version can be found at https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/FXTF/raw-file/tip/filters/publish/Filters.html

Abstract

SVG is language for describing vector graphics, however it's typically rendered on raster displays. SVG filter effects is a way of processing the generated raster image before it's displayed.

Although originally designed for use in SVG, filter effects are defined in XML and are accessed via a presentation property, and therefore could be used in other environments, such as HTML styled with CSS and XSL:FO.

This document defines the markup used by SVG filters.

Status of This Document

This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. The latest status of this document series is maintained at the W3C.

This document is the first public working draft of this specification. There is an accompanying SVG Filters 1.2, Part 1: Primer that lists the ways SVG filters may be used.

This document has been produced by the W3C SVG Working Group as part of the W3C Graphics Activity within the Interaction Domain.

We explicitly invite comments on this specification. Please send them to www-svg@w3.org (archives). Acceptance of the archiving policy is requested automatically upon first post to the list. To subscribe to the list send an email to www-svg-request@w3.org with the word subscribe in the subject line.

The latest information regarding patent disclosures related to this document is available on the Web. As of this publication, the SVG Working Group are not aware of any royalty-bearing patents they believe to be essential to SVG.

Publication of this document does not imply endorsement by the W3C membership. A list of current W3C Recommendations and other technical documents can be found at http://www.w3.org/TR/. W3C publications may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite a W3C Working Draft as anything other than a work in progress."

How to read this document and give feedback

This draft of SVG Filters is essentially the filter chapter from SVG 1.1. One of the goals is that this specification can be re-used more easily by other specifications that want to have filter effects. Some things that have been changed are: error handling is more similar to SVG Tiny 1.2, the addition of a ‘feDropShadow’ filter primitive and the possibility to filter bitmap data with the DOM.

The main purpose of this document is to encourage public feedback. The best way to give feedback is by sending an email to www-svg@w3.org. Please include some kind of keyword that identifies the area of the specification the comment is referring to in the subject line of your message (e.g "Section X.Y - the 'filter' property" or "Filtering primitive handling"). If you have comments on multiple areas of this document, then it is probably best to split those comments into multiple messages.

The public are welcome to comment on any aspect in this document, but there are a few areas in which the SVG Working Group are explicitly requesting feedback. These areas are noted in place within this document. There is also a specific area related to the specification that is listed here:

1 Introduction

This chapter describes a declarative filter effects feature set, which when combined with the other web technologies, like SVG or HTML, can describe much of the common artwork on the Web in such a way that client-side generation and alteration can be performed easily. In addition, the ability to apply filter effects to SVG graphics elements and container elements helps to maintain the semantic structure of the document, instead of resorting to images which aside from generally being a fixed resolution tend to obscure the original semantics of the elements they replace. This is especially true for effects applied to text. The various usage scenarios are listed in the SVG Filters Requirements document.

Note that even though this specification references parts of SVG 1.1 it does not require a complete SVG 1.1 implementation.

This document is normative.

This document contains explicit conformance criteria that overlap with some RNG definitions in requirements. If there is any conflict between the two, the explicit conformance criteria are the definitive reference.

A filter effect consists of a series of graphics operations that are applied to a given source graphic to produce a modified graphical result. The result of the filter effect is rendered to the target device instead of the original source graphic. The following illustrates the process:

Image showing source graphic transformed by filter effect

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)
 

2 Definitions

When used in this specification, terms have the meanings assigned in this section.

null filter
The null filter output is all transparent black pixels. If applied to an element it means that the element (and children if any) becomes invisible. Note that it does not affect event processing.
transfer function elements
The set of elements, ‘feFuncR’, ‘feFuncG’, ‘feFuncB’, ‘feFuncA’, that define the transfer function for the ‘feComponentTransfer’ filter primitive.
unsupported value
FIXME: borrow definition from SVGT12.
<filter-primitive-reference>
A string that identifies a particular filter primitive's output.
filter primitives, filter primitive elements
The set of elements that control the output of a ‘filter’ element, particularly: ‘feDistantLight’, ‘fePointLight’, ‘feSpotLight’, ‘feBlend’, ‘feColorMatrix’, ‘feComponentTransfer’, ‘feComposite’, ‘feConvolveMatrix’, ‘feDiffuseLighting’, ‘feDisplacementMap’, ‘feFlood’, ‘feGaussianBlur’, ‘feImage’, ‘feMerge’, ‘feMorphology’, ‘feOffset’, ‘feSpecularLighting’, ‘feTile’, ‘feTurbulence’, ‘feDropShadow’, ‘feDiffuseSpecular’, ‘feCustom’.

3 The ‘filter’ element

‘filter’
Categories:
None
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

The description of the ‘filter’ element follows:

Attribute definitions:

filterUnits = "userSpaceOnUse | objectBoundingBox"
See filter effects region.
primitiveUnits = "userSpaceOnUse | objectBoundingBox"
Specifies the coordinate system for the various length values within the filter primitives and for the attributes that define the filter primitive subregion.
If primitiveUnits="userSpaceOnUse", any length values within the filter definitions represent values in the current user coordinate system in place at the time when the ‘filter’ element is referenced (i.e., the user coordinate system for the element referencing the ‘filter’ element via a ‘filter’ property).
If primitiveUnits="objectBoundingBox", then any length values within the filter definitions represent fractions or percentages of the bounding box on the referencing element (see object bounding box units). Note that if only one number was specified in a <number-optional-number> value this number is expanded out before the ‘primitiveUnits’ computation takes place.
If attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of userSpaceOnUse were specified.
Animatable: yes.
filterMarginUnits = "userSpaceOnUse | objectBoundingBox"
See filter effects region.
primitiveMarginUnits = "userSpaceOnUse | objectBoundingBox"
Specifies the coordinate system for the margin attributes within the filter primitives which is used for determining the filter primitive subregion.
If primitiveMarginUnits="userSpaceOnUse", any margin attribute values within the filter definitions represent values in the current user coordinate system in place at the time when the ‘filter’ element is referenced (i.e., the user coordinate system for the element referencing the ‘filter’ element via a ‘filter’ property).
If primitiveMarginUnits="objectBoundingBox", then any margin attribute values within the filter definitions represent fractions or percentages of the bounding box on the referencing element (see object bounding box units).
The lacuna value for ‘primitiveMarginUnits’ is userSpaceOnUse.
Animatable: yes.
x = "<coordinate>"
See filter effects region.
y = "<coordinate>"
See filter effects region.
width = "<length>"
See filter effects region.
height = "<length>"
See filter effects region.
mx = "<coordinate>"
The margin delta for the x coordinate of the subregion which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive. If this attribute is not specified, the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified. See filter primitive subregion.
Animatable: yes.
my = "<coordinate>"
The margin delta for the y coordinate of the subregion which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive. If this attribute is not specified, the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified. See filter primitive subregion.
Animatable: yes.
mw = "<length>"
The margin delta for the width of the subregion which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive. If this attribute is not specified, the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified. See filter primitive subregion.
Animatable: yes.
mh = "<length>"
The margin delta for the height of the subregion which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive. If this attribute is not specified, the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified. See filter primitive subregion.
Animatable: yes.
filterRes = "<number-optional-number>"
See filter effects region.
xlink:href = "<IRI>"
An IRI reference to another ‘filter’ element within the current SVG document fragment. Any attributes which are defined on the referenced ‘filter’ element which are not defined on this element are inherited by this element. If this element has no defined filter nodes, and the referenced element has defined filter nodes (possibly due to its own href attribute), then this element inherits the filter nodes defined from the referenced ‘filter’ element. Inheritance can be indirect to an arbitrary level; thus, if the referenced ‘filter’ element inherits attributes or its filter node specification due to its own href attribute, then the current element can inherit those attributes or filter node specifications.
This attribute is deprecated and should not be used, it's included for backwards compatibility reasons only.

Animatable: yes.

Properties inherit into the ‘filter’ element from its ancestors; properties do not inherit from the element referencing the ‘filter’ element.

‘filter’ elements are never rendered directly; their only usage is as something that can be referenced using the ‘filter’ property. The ‘display’ property does not apply to the ‘filter’ element; thus, ‘filter’ elements are not directly rendered even if the ‘display’ property is set to a value other than none, and ‘filter’ elements are available for referencing even when the ‘display’ property on the ‘filter’ element or any of its ancestors is set to none.


4 The ‘filter’ property

The description of the ‘filter’ property is as follows:

‘filter’
Value:  <FuncIRI> | none | inherit
Initial:  none
Applies to:  All elements that render. For svg: container elements and graphics elements .
Inherited:  no
Percentages:  N/A
Media:  visual
Animatable:  yes
<FuncIRI>
An IRI reference to a ‘filter’ element which defines the filter effects that shall be applied to this element.
none
Do not apply any filter effects to this element.

If a ‘filter’ property references a non-existent object or the referenced object is not a ‘filter’ element, then the null filter will be applied instead.


5 Filter effects region

A ‘filter’ element can define a region on the canvas to which a given filter effect applies and can provide a resolution for any intermediate continuous tone images used to process any raster-based filter primitives.

5.1 Filter Region extensions

In SVG 1.1, a filter defines the area upon which it applies. This makes it difficult to develop a generic filter that can be applied to arbitrary graphics, since the filter must define a large enough area to cover any graphical object to which it is applied. An example of this is a generic "drop shadow" filter, which is commonly specified as a combination of a Gaussian blur ‘feGaussianBlur’) that is offset ‘feOffset’) and then composed ‘feComposite’) with the original source graphic. Since the shadow has to extend beyond the original graphic's boundaries, the filter must be defined to have a larger area than the original graphic. Overestimating this margin has a negative effect on performance, since the complex filter operation has to touch a larger amount of user space (ie. pixels).

In order to solve this problem this spec allows additional control over the filter region. The outer filter region is expressed by delta to the ‘x’, ‘y’, ‘width’, ‘height’ of the input filter region.

In particular, the ‘filterMarginUnits’, ‘primitiveMarginUnits’, ‘mx’, ‘my’, ‘mw’ and ‘mh’ are added to the ‘filter’ element. The ‘filterMarginUnits’ specifies the coordinate space of the margin attributes, which are used to increase or decrease the ‘filter’ element's ‘x’, ‘y’, ‘width’ and ‘height’ attributes (once they have been calculated). The ‘primitiveMarginUnits’ specifies the units for the new margin attributes on the filter primitives, also named ‘mx’, ‘my’, ‘mw’, ‘mh’. These margins attribute override those set on the parent ‘filter’ element. Note that this doesn't mean that a can expand the filter region itself, just that the coordinate system used for filter primitive's margin attributes can be different than the one used for the margin attributes on the ‘filter’ element.

An example of the new attributes, which defines a generic drop shadow filter:

	<filter id="dropShadow" x="0" y="0" width="1" height="1"
			  filterMarginUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
			  mx="0" my="0" mw="5" mh="5" >
		  <feGaussianBlur stdDeviation="2" in="SourceAlpha" />
		  <feOffset dx="2" />
		  <feMerge>
			   <feMergeNode />
			   <feMergeNode in="SourceGraphic" />
		  </feMerge>
	</filter> 

In the above example, the filter region by default covers the entire bounds of the object (which is not enough to show the shadow). Adding the new margins extends the width and height by 5 user units each, which is always enough to display the blur (which has a standard deviation of 2 user units) and offset (which is another 2 units).

The ‘filter’ element has the following attributes which work together to define the filter effects region:

‘filterUnits’

Defines the coordinate system for attributes ‘x’, ‘y’, ‘width’, ‘height’.

If filterUnits="userSpaceOnUse", ‘x’, ‘y’, ‘width’, ‘height’ represent values in the current user coordinate system in place at the time when the ‘filter’ element is referenced (i.e., the user coordinate system for the element referencing the ‘filter’ element via a ‘filter’ property).

If filterUnits="objectBoundingBox", then ‘x’, ‘y’, ‘width’, ‘height’ represent fractions or percentages of the bounding box on the referencing element (see object bounding box units).

The lacuna value for ‘filterUnits’ is objectBoundingBox.

Animatable: yes.

‘x’, ‘y’, ‘width’, ‘height’

These attributes define a rectangular region on the canvas to which this filter applies.

The amount of memory and processing time required to apply the filter are related to the size of this rectangle and the ‘filterRes’ attribute of the filter.

The coordinate system for these attributes depends on the value for attribute ‘filterUnits’.

The bounds of this rectangle act as a hard clipping region for each filter primitive included with a given ‘filter’ element; thus, if the effect of a given filter primitive would extend beyond the bounds of the rectangle (this sometimes happens when using a ‘feGaussianBlur’ filter primitive with a very large ‘stdDeviation’), parts of the effect will get clipped.

The lacuna value for ‘x’ and ‘y’ is -10%.

The lacuna value for ‘width’ and ‘height’ is 120%.

Negative or zero values for ‘width’ or ‘height’ disable rendering of the element which referenced the filter.

Animatable: yes.

‘filterMarginUnits’

Defines the coordinate system for attributes ‘mx’, ‘my’, ‘mw’, ‘mh’.

If filterMarginUnits="userSpaceOnUse", ‘mx’, ‘my’, ‘mw’, ‘mh’ represent values in the current user coordinate system in place at the time when the ‘filter’ element is referenced (i.e., the user coordinate system for the element referencing the ‘filter’ element via a ‘filter’ property).

If filterMarginUnits="objectBoundingBox", then ‘mx’, ‘my’, ‘mw’, ‘mh’ represent fractions or percentages of the on the referencing element (see object bounding box units).

The lacuna value for ‘filterMarginUnits’ is userSpaceOnUse.

Animatable: yes.

‘mx’, ‘my’, ‘mw’, ‘mh’

Defines the deltas to the ‘x’, ‘y’, ‘width’, ‘height’ of the filter region.

After the ‘x’, ‘y’, ‘width’, ‘height’ have been calculated for the filter region the ‘mx’, ‘my’, ‘mw’, ‘mh’ are calculated and added to the filter region. If the resulting filter region has a negative or zero width or height, the rendering of the element which referenced the filter is disabled.

The coordinate system for these attributes depends on the value for attribute ‘filterMarginUnits’.

The lacuna value for ‘mx’, ‘my’, ‘mw’ and ‘mh’ is 0.

Animatable: yes.

‘filterRes’

Defines the width and height of the intermediate images in pixels. If not provided, then a reasonable default resolution appropriate for the target device will be used. (For displays, an appropriate display resolution, preferably the current display's pixel resolution, is the default. For printing, an appropriate common printer resolution, such as 1200dpi, is the default.)

Care should be taken when assigning a non-default value to this attribute. Too small of a value may result in unwanted pixelation in the result. Too large of a value may result in slow processing and large memory usage.

Negative or zero values disable rendering of the element which referenced the filter.

Animatable: yes.

Note that both of the two possible value for ‘filterUnits’ (i.e., objectBoundingBox and userSpaceOnUse) result in a filter region whose coordinate system has its X-axis and Y-axis each parallel to the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively, of the user coordinate system for the element to which the filter will be applied.

Sometimes implementers can achieve faster performance when the filter region can be mapped directly to device pixels; thus, for best performance on display devices, it is suggested that authors define their region such that the user agent can align the filter region pixel-for-pixel with the background. In particular, for best filter effects performance, avoid rotating or skewing the user coordinate system. Explicit values for attribute ‘filterRes’ can either help or harm performance. If ‘filterRes’ is smaller than the automatic (i.e., default) filter resolution, then filter effect might have faster performance (usually at the expense of quality). If ‘filterRes’ is larger than the automatic (i.e., default) filter resolution, then filter effects performance will usually be slower.

It is often necessary to provide padding space because the filter effect might impact bits slightly outside the tight-fitting on a given object. For these purposes, it is possible to provide negative percentage values for ‘x’, ‘y’ and percentages values greater than 100% for ‘width’, ‘height’. This, for example, is why the defaults for the filter effects region are x="-10%" y="-10%" width="120%" height="120%".

6 Accessing the background image

Two possible pseudo input images for filter effects are BackgroundImage and BackgroundAlpha, which each represent an image snapshot of the canvas under the filter region at the time that the ‘filter’ element is invoked. BackgroundImage represents both the color values and alpha channel of the canvas (i.e., RGBA pixel values), whereas BackgroundAlpha represents only the alpha channel.

Implementations will often need to maintain supplemental background image buffers in order to support the BackgroundImage and BackgroundAlpha pseudo input images. Sometimes, the background image buffers will contain an in-memory copy of the accumulated painting operations on the current canvas.

Because in-memory image buffers can take up significant system resources, content must explicitly indicate to the user agent that the document needs access to the background image before BackgroundImage and BackgroundAlpha pseudo input images can be used.

A background image is what's been rendered before the current element. For SVG, that uses the painter's algorithm, rendered before means all of the prior elements in pre order traversal previous to the element to which the filter is applied.

The property which enables access to the background image is ‘enable-background’:

‘enable-background’
Value:  accumulate | new [ <x> <y> <width> <height> ] | inherit
Initial:  accumulate
Applies to:  Typically elements that can contain renderable elements. Host language is responsible for defining the applicable set of elements. For SVG: container elements
Inherited:  no
Percentages:  N/A
Media:  visual
Animatable:  no

‘enable-background’ is only applicable to container elements and specifies how the SVG user agent manages the accumulation of the background image.

A value of new indicates two things:

A meaning of enable-background: accumulate (the initial/default value) depends on context:

If a filter effect specifies either the BackgroundImage or the BackgroundAlpha pseudo input images and no ancestor container element element has a property value of 'enable-background:new', then the background image request is technically in error. Processing will proceed without interruption (i.e., no error message) and a transparent black image shall be provided in response to the request.

The optional <x>,<y>,<width>,<height> ISSUE: define the type of each of these, probably <number> parameters on the new value indicate the subregion of the container element element to which ‘enable-background’ applies' user space where access to the background image is allowed to happen. These parameters enable the user agent potentially to allocate smaller temporary image buffers than the default values, which might require the user agent to allocate buffers as large as the current viewport. Thus, the values <x>,<y>,<width>,<height> act as a clipping rectangle on the background image canvas. If more than zero but less than four of the values <x>,<y>,<width> and <height> are specified or if negative or zero values are specified for <width> or <height>, BackgroundImage and BackgroundAlpha are processed as if background image processing were not enabled.

6.1 Accessing the background image in SVG

This section only applies to the SVG definition of enable-background.

Assume you have an element E in the document and that E has a series of ancestors A1 (its immediate parent), A2, etc. (Note: A0 is E.) Each ancestor Ai will have a corresponding temporary background image offscreen buffer BUFi. The contents of the background image available to a ‘filter’ referenced by E is defined as follows:

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 
  "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg width="13.5cm" height="2.7cm" viewBox="0 0 1350 270"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">
  <title>Example enable-background01</title>
  <desc>This test case shows five pictures which illustrate the rules
        for background image processing.</desc>

  <defs>
    <filter id="ShiftBGAndBlur" 
            filterUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="0" y="0" width="1200" height="400">
      <desc>
        This filter discards the SourceGraphic, if any, and just produces
        a result consisting of the BackgroundImage shifted down 125 units
        and then blurred.
      </desc>
      <feOffset in="BackgroundImage" dx="0" dy="125" />
      <feGaussianBlur stdDeviation="8" />
    </filter>
    <filter id="ShiftBGAndBlur_WithSourceGraphic" 
            filterUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="0" y="0" width="1200" height="400">
      <desc>
        This filter takes the BackgroundImage, shifts it down 125 units, blurs it,
        and then renders the SourceGraphic on top of the shifted/blurred background.
      </desc>
      <feOffset in="BackgroundImage" dx="0" dy="125" />
      <feGaussianBlur stdDeviation="8" result="blur" />
      <feMerge>
        <feMergeNode in="blur"/>
        <feMergeNode in="SourceGraphic"/>
      </feMerge>
    </filter>
  </defs>

  <g transform="translate(0,0)">
    <desc>The first picture is our reference graphic without filters.</desc>
    <rect x="25" y="25" width="100" height="100" fill="red"/>
    <g opacity=".5">
      <circle cx="125" cy="75" r="45" fill="green"/>
      <polygon points="160,25 160,125 240,75" fill="blue"/>
    </g>
    <rect x="5" y="5" width="260" height="260" fill="none" stroke="blue"/>
  </g>

  <g enable-background="new" transform="translate(270,0)">
    <desc>The second adds an empty 'g' element which invokes ShiftBGAndBlur.</desc>
    <rect x="25" y="25" width="100" height="100" fill="red"/>
    <g opacity=".5">
      <circle cx="125" cy="75" r="45" fill="green"/>
      <polygon points="160,25 160,125 240,75" fill="blue"/>
    </g>
    <g filter="url(#ShiftBGAndBlur)"/>
    <rect x="5" y="5" width="260" height="260" fill="none" stroke="blue"/>
  </g>

  <g enable-background="new" transform="translate(540,0)">
    <desc>The third invokes ShiftBGAndBlur on the inner group.</desc>
    <rect x="25" y="25" width="100" height="100" fill="red"/>
    <g filter="url(#ShiftBGAndBlur)" opacity=".5">
      <circle cx="125" cy="75" r="45" fill="green"/>
      <polygon points="160,25 160,125 240,75" fill="blue"/>
    </g>
    <rect x="5" y="5" width="260" height="260" fill="none" stroke="blue"/>
  </g>

  <g enable-background="new" transform="translate(810,0)">
    <desc>The fourth invokes ShiftBGAndBlur on the triangle.</desc>
    <rect x="25" y="25" width="100" height="100" fill="red"/>
    <g opacity=".5">
      <circle cx="125" cy="75" r="45" fill="green"/>
      <polygon points="160,25 160,125 240,75" fill="blue"
               filter="url(#ShiftBGAndBlur)"/>
    </g>
    <rect x="5" y="5" width="260" height="260" fill="none" stroke="blue"/>
  </g>

  <g enable-background="new" transform="translate(1080,0)">
    <desc>The fifth invokes ShiftBGAndBlur_WithSourceGraphic on the triangle.</desc>
    <rect x="25" y="25" width="100" height="100" fill="red"/>
    <g opacity=".5">
      <circle cx="125" cy="75" r="45" fill="green"/>
      <polygon points="160,25 160,125 240,75" fill="blue"
               filter="url(#ShiftBGAndBlur_WithSourceGraphic)"/>
    </g>
    <rect x="5" y="5" width="260" height="260" fill="none" stroke="blue"/>
  </g>
</svg>
Example
Example

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)

The example above contains five parts, described as follows:

  1. The first set is the reference graphic. The reference graphic consists of a red rectangle followed by a 50% transparent ‘g’ element. Inside the ‘g’ is a green circle that partially overlaps the rectangle and a a blue triangle that partially overlaps the circle. The three objects are then outlined by a rectangle stroked with a thin blue line. No filters are applied to the reference graphic.
  2. The second set enables background image processing and adds an empty ‘g’ element which invokes the ShiftBGAndBlur filter. This filter takes the current accumulated background image (i.e., the entire reference graphic) as input, shifts its offscreen down, blurs it, and then writes the result to the canvas. Note that the offscreen for the filter is initialized to transparent black, which allows the already rendered rectangle, circle and triangle to show through after the filter renders its own result to the canvas.
  3. The third set enables background image processing and instead invokes the ShiftBGAndBlur filter on the inner ‘g’ element. The accumulated background at the time the filter is applied contains only the red rectangle. Because the children of the inner ‘g’ (i.e., the circle and triangle) are not part of the inner ‘g’ element's background and because ShiftBGAndBlur ignores SourceGraphic, the children of the inner ‘g’ do not appear in the result.
  4. The fourth set enables background image processing and invokes the ShiftBGAndBlur on the ‘polygon’ element that draws the triangle. The accumulated background at the time the filter is applied contains the red rectangle plus the green circle ignoring the effect of the ‘opacity’ property on the inner ‘g’ element. (Note that the blurred green circle at the bottom does not let the red rectangle show through on its left side. This is due to ignoring the effect of the ‘opacity’ property.) Because the triangle itself is not part of the accumulated background and because ShiftBGAndBlur ignores SourceGraphic, the triangle does not appear in the result.
  5. The fifth set is the same as the fourth except that filter ShiftBGAndBlur_WithSourceGraphic is invoked instead of ShiftBGAndBlur. ShiftBGAndBlur_WithSourceGraphic performs the same effect as ShiftBGAndBlur, but then renders the SourceGraphic on top of the shifted, blurred background image. In this case, SourceGraphic is the blue triangle; thus, the result is the same as in the fourth case except that the blue triangle now appears.

7 Filter primitives overview

7.1 Overview

This section describes the various filter primtives that can be assembled to achieve a particular filter effect.

Unless otherwise stated, all image filters operate on premultiplied RGBA samples. Filters which work more naturally on non-premultiplied data (‘feColorMatrix’ and ‘feComponentTransfer’) will temporarily undo and redo premultiplication as specified. All raster effect filtering operations take 1 to N input RGBA images, additional attributes as parameters, and produce a single output RGBA image.

The RGBA result from each filter primitive will be clamped into the allowable ranges for colors and opacity values. Thus, for example, the result from a given filter primitive will have any negative color values or opacity values adjusted up to color/opacity of zero.

The color space in which a particular filter primitive performs its operations is determined by the value of property ‘color-interpolation-filters’ on the given filter primitive. A different property, ‘color-interpolation’ determines the color space for other color operations. Because these two properties have different initial values (‘color-interpolation-filters’ has an initial value of linearRGB whereas ‘color-interpolation’ has an initial value of sRGB), in some cases to achieve certain results (e.g., when coordinating gradient interpolation with a filtering operation) it will be necessary to explicitly set ‘color-interpolation’ to linearRGB or ‘color-interpolation-filters’ to sRGB on particular elements. Note that the examples below do not explicitly set either ‘color-interpolation’ or ‘color-interpolation-filters’, so the initial values for these properties apply to the examples.

Sometimes filter primitives result in undefined pixels. For example, filter primitive ‘feOffset’ can shift an image down and to the right, leaving undefined pixels at the top and left. In these cases, the undefined pixels are set to transparent black.

7.2 Common attributes

The following attributes are available for most of the filter primitives:

Attribute definitions:

x = "<coordinate>"

The minimum x coordinate for the subregion which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive. See filter primitive subregion.

The lacuna value for x is 0%.

Animatable: yes.

y = "<coordinate>"

The minimum y coordinate for the subregion which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive. See filter primitive subregion.

The lacuna value for y is 0%.

Animatable: yes.

width = "<length>"

The width of the subregion which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive. See filter primitive subregion.

A negative or zero value disables the effect of the given filter primitive (i.e., the result is a transparent black image).

The lacuna value for width is 100%.

Animatable: yes.

height = "<length>"

The height of the subregion which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive. See filter primitive subregion.

A negative or zero value disables the effect of the given filter primitive (i.e., the result is a transparent black image).

The lacuna value for height is 100%.

Animatable: yes.

mx = "<coordinate>"

The margin delta for the x coordinate of the subregion which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive, see filter primitive subregion.

The lacuna value for mx is 0.

Animatable: yes.

my = "<coordinate>"

The margin delta for the y coordinate of the subregion which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive, see filter primitive subregion.

The lacuna value for my is 0.

Animatable: yes.

mw = "<length>"

The margin delta for the width of the subregion which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive, see filter primitive subregion.

The lacuna value for mw is 0.

Animatable: yes.

mh = "<length>"

The margin delta for the height of the subregion which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive, see filter primitive subregion.

The lacuna value for mh is 0.

Animatable: yes.

result = "<filter-primitive-reference>"

Assigned name for this filter primitive. If supplied, then graphics that result from processing this filter primitive can be referenced by an ‘in’ attribute on a subsequent filter primitive within the same ‘filter’ element. If no value is provided, the output will only be available for re-use as the implicit input into the next filter primitive if that filter primitive provides no value for its ‘in’ attribute.

Note that a <filter-primitive-reference> is not an XML ID; instead, a <filter-primitive-reference> is only meaningful within a given ‘filter’ element and thus have only local scope. It is legal for the same <filter-primitive-reference> to appear multiple times within the same ‘filter’ element. When referenced, the <filter-primitive-reference> will use the closest preceding filter primitive with the given result.

Animatable: yes.

in = "SourceGraphic | SourceAlpha | BackgroundImage | BackgroundAlpha | FillPaint | StrokePaint | <filter-primitive-reference>"

Identifies input for the given filter primitive. The value can be either one of six keywords or can be a string which matches a previous ‘result’ attribute value within the same ‘filter’ element. If no value is provided and this is the first filter primitive, then this filter primitive will use SourceGraphic as its input. If no value is provided and this is a subsequent filter primitive, then this filter primitive will use the result from the previous filter primitive as its input.

If the value for result appears multiple times within a given ‘filter’ element, then a reference to that result will use the closest preceding filter primitive with the given value for attribute ‘result’. Forward references to results are not allowed, and will be treated as if no result was specified.

Definitions for the six keywords:

SourceGraphic

This keyword represents the graphics elements that were the original input into the ‘filter’ element. For raster effects filter primitives, the graphics elements will be rasterized into an initially clear RGBA raster in image space. Pixels left untouched by the original graphic will be left clear. The image is specified to be rendered in linear RGBA pixels. The alpha channel of this image captures any anti-aliasing specified by SVG. (Since the raster is linear, the alpha channel of this image will represent the exact percent coverage of each pixel.)

SourceAlpha

This keyword represents the graphics elements that were the original input into the ‘filter’ element. SourceAlpha has all of the same rules as SourceGraphic except that only the alpha channel is used. The input image is an RGBA image consisting of implicitly black color values for the RGB channels, but whose alpha channel is the same as SourceGraphic.

If this option is used, then some implementations might need to rasterize the graphics elements in order to extract the alpha channel.

BackgroundImage

This keyword represents an image snapshot of the canvas under the filter region at the time that the ‘filter’ element was invoked. See accessing the background image.

BackgroundAlpha

Same as BackgroundImage except only the alpha channel is used. See SourceAlpha and accessing the background image.

FillPaint

This keyword represents the target element rendered filled. For svg this keyword represents the value of the ‘fill’ property on the target element for the filter effect.

Note that text is generally painted filled, not stroked.

The FillPaint image has conceptually infinite extent. Frequently this image is opaque everywhere, but it might not be if the "paint" itself has alpha, as in the case of a gradient or pattern which itself includes transparent or semi-transparent parts.

StrokePaint

This keyword represents the target element rendered stroked. For SVG this keyword represents the value of the ‘stroke’ property on the target element for the filter effect.

Note that text is generally painted filled, not stroked.

The StrokePaint image has conceptually infinite extent. Frequently this image is opaque everywhere, but it might not be if the "paint" itself has alpha, as in the case of a gradient or pattern which itself includes transparent or semi-transparent parts.

Animatable: yes.

7.3 Filter primitive subregion

All filter primitives have attributes ‘x’, ‘y’, ‘width’ and ‘height’, and ‘mx’, ‘my’, ‘mw’ and ‘mh’, which together identify a subregion which restricts calculation and rendering of the given filter primitive. The ‘x’, ‘y’, ‘width’ and ‘height’ attributes are defined according to the same rules as other filter primitives' coordinate and length attributes and thus represent values in the coordinate system established by attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element. The ‘mx’, ‘my’, ‘mw’ and ‘mh’ attributes contain deltas to the corresponding ‘x’, ‘y’, ‘width’ and ‘height’ attributes and contain values in the coordinate system established by attribute ‘primitiveMarginUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element.

‘x’, ‘y’, ‘width’ and ‘height’ default to the union (i.e., tightest fitting bounding box) of the subregions defined for all referenced nodes. If there are no referenced nodes (e.g., for ‘feImage’ or ‘feTurbulence’), or one or more of the referenced nodes is a standard input (one of SourceGraphic, SourceAlpha, BackgroundImage, BackgroundAlpha, FillPaint or StrokePaint), or for ‘feTile’ (which is special because its principal function is to replicate the referenced node in X and Y and thereby produce a usually larger result), the default subregion is 0%, 0%, 100%, 100%, where percentages are relative to the dimensions of the filter region.

After the x, y, width, height have been calculated for the filter primitive subregion the margin attributes mx, my, mw, mh are calculated and added to the former to make the filter primitive subregion. If the filter primitive subregion has a negative or zero width or height, the effect of the filter primitive is disabled.

The filter primitive subregion act as a hard clip clipping rectangle for the filter primitive.

All intermediate offscreens are defined to not exceed the intersection of the filter primitive subregion with the filter region. The filter region and any of the filter primitive subregions are to be set up such that all offscreens are made big enough to accommodate any pixels which even partly intersect with either the filter region or the filter primitive subregions.

‘feTile’ references a previous filter primitive and then stitches the tiles together based on the filter primitive subregion of the referenced filter primitive in order to fill its own filter primitive subregion.

<svg width="400" height="400" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> 
	<defs>
		<filter id="flood" x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" primitiveUnits="objectBoundingBox">
		   <feFlood x="25%" y="25%" width="50%" height="50%"
					flood-color="green" flood-opacity="0.75"/>
		</filter>
		<filter id="blend" primitiveUnits="objectBoundingBox">
		   <feBlend x="25%" y="25%" width="50%" height="50%"
					in2="SourceGraphic" mode="multiply"/>
		</filter>
		<filter id="merge" primitiveUnits="objectBoundingBox">
		   <feMerge x="25%" y="25%" width="50%" height="50%">
				<feMergeNode in="SourceGraphic"/>
				<feMergeNode in="FillPaint"/>
		   </feMerge>
		</filter>
	</defs>
	
	<g fill="none" stroke="blue" stroke-width="4">
	   <rect width="200" height="200"/>
	   <line x2="200" y2="200"/>
	   <line x1="200" y2="200"/>
	</g>
	<circle fill="green" filter="url(#flood)" cx="100" cy="100" r="90"/>

	<g transform="translate(200 0)">
		<g fill="none" stroke="blue" stroke-width="4">
		   <rect width="200" height="200"/>
		   <line x2="200" y2="200"/>
		   <line x1="200" y2="200"/>
		</g>
		<circle fill="green" filter="url(#blend)" cx="100" cy="100" r="90"/>
	</g>
	
	<g transform="translate(0 200)">
		<g fill="none" stroke="blue" stroke-width="4">
		   <rect width="200" height="200"/>
		   <line x2="200" y2="200"/>
		   <line x1="200" y2="200"/>
		</g>
		<circle fill="green" fill-opacity="0.5" filter="url(#merge)" cx="100" cy="100" r="90"/>
	</g>
</svg>
Example
Example

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)

In the example above there are three rects that each have a cross and a circle in them. The circle element in each one has a different filter applied, but with the same filter primitive subregion. The filter output should be limited to the filter primitive subregion, so you should never see the circles themselves, just the rects that make up the filter primitive subregion.

8 Light source elements and properties

8.1 Introduction

The following sections define the elements that define a light source, ‘feDistantLight’, ‘fePointLight’ and ‘feSpotLight’, and property ‘lighting-color’, which defines the color of the light.

8.2 Light source ‘feDistantLight’

‘feDistantLight’
Categories:
Light source element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

Attribute definitions:

azimuth = "<number>"
Direction angle for the light source on the XY plane (clockwise), in degrees.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
elevation = "<number>"
Direction angle for the light source on the YZ plane, in degrees.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.

8.3 Light source ‘fePointLight’

‘fePointLight’
Categories:
Light source element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

Attribute definitions:

x = "<number>"
X location for the light source in the coordinate system established by attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
y = "<number>"
Y location for the light source in the coordinate system established by attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
z = "<number>"
Z location for the light source in the coordinate system established by attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element, assuming that, in the initial coordinate system , the positive Z-axis comes out towards the person viewing the content and assuming that one unit along the Z-axis equals one unit in X and Y.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.

8.4 Light source ‘feSpotLight’

‘feSpotLight’
Categories:
Light source element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

Attribute definitions:

x = "<number>"
X location for the light source in the coordinate system established by attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
y = "<number>"
Y location for the light source in the coordinate system established by attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
z = "<number>"
Z location for the light source in the coordinate system established by attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element, assuming that, in the initial coordinate system , the positive Z-axis comes out towards the person viewing the content and assuming that one unit along the Z-axis equals one unit in X and Y.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
pointsAtX = "<number>"
X location in the coordinate system established by attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element of the point at which the light source is pointing.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
pointsAtY = "<number>"
Y location in the coordinate system established by attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element of the point at which the light source is pointing.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
pointsAtZ = "<number>"
Z location in the coordinate system established by the attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element of the point at which the light source is pointing, assuming that, in the initial coordinate system, the positive Z-axis comes out towards the person viewing the content and assuming that one unit along the Z-axis equals one unit in X and Y.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
specularExponent = "<number>"
Exponent value controlling the focus for the light source.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 1 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
limitingConeAngle = "<number>"
A limiting cone which restricts the region where the light is projected. No light is projected outside the cone. limitingConeAngle represents the angle in degrees between the spot light axis (i.e. the axis between the light source and the point to which it is pointing at) and the spot light cone. User agents should apply a smoothing technique such as anti-aliasing at the boundary of the cone.
If no value is specified, then no limiting cone will be applied.
Animatable: yes.

8.5 The ‘lighting-color’ property

The ‘lighting-color’ property defines the color of the light source for filter primitives ‘feDiffuseLighting’ and ‘feSpecularLighting’.

‘lighting-color’
Value:  currentColor |
<color> [<icccolor>] |
inherit
Initial:  white
Applies to:  ‘feDiffuseLighting’ and ‘feSpecularLighting’ elements
Inherited:  no
Percentages:  N/A
Media:  visual
Animatable:  yes

9 Filter primitive ‘feBlend’

‘feBlend’
Categories:
Filter primitives element, filter primitive element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

This filter composites two objects together using commonly used imaging software blending modes. It performs a pixel-wise combination of two input images.

Attribute definitions:

mode = "normal | multiply | screen | darken | lighten"
One of the image blending modes (see table below). Default is: normal.
Animatable: yes.
in2 = "(see in attribute)"
The second input image to the blending operation. This attribute can take on the same values as the in attribute.
Animatable: yes.

For all feBlend modes, the result opacity is computed as follows:

qr = 1 - (1-qa)*(1-qb)

For the compositing formulas below, the following definitions apply:

image A = in
image B = in2
cr = Result color (RGB) - premultiplied 
qa = Opacity value at a given pixel for image A 
qb = Opacity value at a given pixel for image B 
ca = Color (RGB) at a given pixel for image A - premultiplied 
cb = Color (RGB) at a given pixel for image B - premultiplied 

The following table provides the list of available image blending modes:

ED: make table look nicer
Image Blending ModeFormula for computing result color
normalcr = (1 - qa) * cb + ca
multiplycr = (1-qa)*cb + (1-qb)*ca + ca*cb
screencr = cb + ca - ca * cb
darkencr = Min ((1 - qa) * cb + ca, (1 - qb) * ca + cb)
lightencr = Max ((1 - qa) * cb + ca, (1 - qb) * ca + cb)

'normal' blend mode is equivalent to operator="over" on the ‘feComposite’ filter primitive, matches the blending method used by ‘feMerge’ and matches the simple alpha compositing technique used in SVG for all compositing outside of filter effects.

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 
          "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg width="5cm" height="5cm" viewBox="0 0 500 500"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">
  <title>Example feBlend - Examples of feBlend modes</title>
  <desc>Five text strings blended into a gradient,
        with one text string for each of the five feBlend modes.</desc>
  <defs>
    <linearGradient id="MyGradient" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
            x1="100" y1="0" x2="300" y2="0">
      <stop offset="0" stop-color="#000000" />
      <stop offset=".33" stop-color="#ffffff" />
      <stop offset=".67" stop-color="#ff0000" />
      <stop offset="1" stop-color="#808080" />
    </linearGradient>
    <filter id="Normal">
      <feBlend mode="normal" in2="BackgroundImage" in="SourceGraphic"/>
    </filter>
    <filter id="Multiply">
      <feBlend mode="multiply" in2="BackgroundImage" in="SourceGraphic"/>
    </filter>
    <filter id="Screen">
      <feBlend mode="screen" in2="BackgroundImage" in="SourceGraphic"/>
    </filter>
    <filter id="Darken">
      <feBlend mode="darken" in2="BackgroundImage" in="SourceGraphic"/>
    </filter>
    <filter id="Lighten">
      <feBlend mode="lighten" in2="BackgroundImage" in="SourceGraphic"/>
    </filter>
  </defs>
  <rect fill="none" stroke="blue"  
        x="1" y="1" width="498" height="498"/>
  <g enable-background="new" >
    <rect x="100" y="20" width="300" height="460" fill="url(#MyGradient)" />
    <g font-family="Verdana" font-size="75" fill="#888888" fill-opacity=".6" >
      <text x="50" y="90" filter="url(#Normal)" >Normal</text>
      <text x="50" y="180" filter="url(#Multiply)" >Multiply</text>
      <text x="50" y="270" filter="url(#Screen)" >Screen</text>
      <text x="50" y="360" filter="url(#Darken)" >Darken</text>
      <text x="50" y="450" filter="url(#Lighten)" >Lighten</text>
    </g>
  </g>
</svg>
Example
Example

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)

10 Filter primitive ‘feColorMatrix’

‘feColorMatrix’
Categories:
Filter primitives element, filter primitive element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

This filter applies a matrix transformation:

| R' |     | a00 a01 a02 a03 a04 |   | R |
| G' |     | a10 a11 a12 a13 a14 |   | G |
| B' |  =  | a20 a21 a22 a23 a24 | * | B |
| A' |     | a30 a31 a32 a33 a34 |   | A |
| 1  |     |  0   0   0   0   1  |   | 1 |

on the RGBA color and alpha values of every pixel on the input graphics to produce a result with a new set of RGBA color and alpha values.

The calculations are performed on non-premultiplied color values. If the input graphics consists of premultiplied color values, those values are automatically converted into non-premultiplied color values for this operation.

These matrices often perform an identity mapping in the alpha channel. If that is the case, an implementation can avoid the costly undoing and redoing of the premultiplication for all pixels with A = 1.

Attribute definitions:

type = "matrix | saturate | hueRotate | luminanceToAlpha"
Indicates the type of matrix operation. The keyword matrix indicates that a full 5x4 matrix of values will be provided. The other keywords represent convenience shortcuts to allow commonly used color operations to be performed without specifying a complete matrix.
Animatable: yes.
values = "list of <number>s"
The contents of values depends on the value of attribute type:
  • For type="matrix", values is a list of 20 matrix values (a00 a01 a02 a03 a04 a10 a11 ... a34), separated by whitespace and/or a comma. For example, the identity matrix could be expressed as:
    type="matrix" 
    values="1 0 0 0 0  0 1 0 0 0  0 0 1 0 0  0 0 0 1 0"
  • For type="saturate", values is a single real number value (0 to 1). A saturate operation is equivalent to the following matrix operation:

    | R' |     |0.213+0.787s  0.715-0.715s  0.072-0.072s 0  0 |   | R |
    | G' |     |0.213-0.213s  0.715+0.285s  0.072-0.072s 0  0 |   | G |
    | B' |  =  |0.213-0.213s  0.715-0.715s  0.072+0.928s 0  0 | * | B |
    | A' |     |           0            0             0  1  0 |   | A |
    | 1  |     |           0            0             0  0  1 |   | 1 |

  • For type="hueRotate", values is a single one real number value (degrees). A hueRotate operation is equivalent to the following matrix operation:

    | R' |     | a00  a01  a02  0  0 |   | R |
    | G' |     | a10  a11  a12  0  0 |   | G |
    | B' |  =  | a20  a21  a22  0  0 | * | B |
    | A' |     | 0    0    0    1  0 |   | A |
    | 1  |     | 0    0    0    0  1 |   | 1 |

    where the terms a00, a01, etc. are calculated as follows:

    | a00 a01 a02 |    [+0.213 +0.715 +0.072]
    | a10 a11 a12 | =  [+0.213 +0.715 +0.072] +
    | a20 a21 a22 |    [+0.213 +0.715 +0.072]
                            [+0.787 -0.715 -0.072]
    cos(hueRotate value) *  [-0.213 +0.285 -0.072] +
                            [-0.213 -0.715 +0.928]
                            [-0.213 -0.715+0.928]
    sin(hueRotate value) *  [+0.143 +0.140-0.283]
                            [-0.787 +0.715+0.072]

    Thus, the upper left term of the hue matrix turns out to be:

    .213 + cos(hueRotate value)*.787 - sin(hueRotate value)*.213

  • For type="luminanceToAlpha", values is not applicable. A luminanceToAlpha operation is equivalent to the following matrix operation:

       | R' |     |      0        0        0  0  0 |   | R |
       | G' |     |      0        0        0  0  0 |   | G |
       | B' |  =  |      0        0        0  0  0 | * | B |
       | A' |     | 0.2125   0.7154   0.0721  0  0 |   | A |
       | 1  |     |      0        0        0  0  1 |   | 1 |

If the attribute is not specified, then the default behavior depends on the value of attribute ‘type’. If type="matrix", then this attribute defaults to the identity matrix. If type="saturate", then this attribute defaults to the value 1, which results in the identify matrix. If type="hueRotate", then this attribute defaults to the value 0, which results in the identify matrix.
Animatable: yes.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 
          "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg width="8cm" height="5cm" viewBox="0 0 800 500"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">
  <title>Example feColorMatrix - Examples of feColorMatrix operations</title>
  <desc>Five text strings showing the effects of feColorMatrix: 
        an unfiltered text string acting as a reference, 
        use of the feColorMatrix matrix option to convert to grayscale,
        use of the feColorMatrix saturate option,
        use of the feColorMatrix hueRotate option,
        and use of the feColorMatrix luminanceToAlpha option.</desc>
  <defs>
    <linearGradient id="MyGradient" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
            x1="100" y1="0" x2="500" y2="0">
      <stop offset="0" stop-color="#ff00ff" />
      <stop offset=".33" stop-color="#88ff88" />
      <stop offset=".67" stop-color="#2020ff" />
      <stop offset="1" stop-color="#d00000" />
    </linearGradient>
    <filter id="Matrix" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
            x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
      <feColorMatrix type="matrix" in="SourceGraphic"
           values=".33 .33 .33 0 0 
                   .33 .33 .33 0 0 
                   .33 .33 .33 0 0 
                   .33 .33 .33 0 0"/>
    </filter>
    <filter id="Saturate40" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
            x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
      <feColorMatrix type="saturate" in="SourceGraphic" values="0.4"/>
    </filter>
    <filter id="HueRotate90" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
            x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
      <feColorMatrix type="hueRotate" in="SourceGraphic" values="90"/>
    </filter>
    <filter id="LuminanceToAlpha" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
            x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
      <feColorMatrix type="luminanceToAlpha" in="SourceGraphic" result="a"/>
      <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="a" operator="in" />
    </filter>
  </defs>
  <rect fill="none" stroke="blue"  
        x="1" y="1" width="798" height="498"/>
  <g font-family="Verdana" font-size="75" 
            font-weight="bold" fill="url(#MyGradient)" >
    <rect x="100" y="0" width="500" height="20" />
    <text x="100" y="90">Unfiltered</text>
    <text x="100" y="190" filter="url(#Matrix)" >Matrix</text>
    <text x="100" y="290" filter="url(#Saturate40)" >Saturate</text>
    <text x="100" y="390" filter="url(#HueRotate90)" >HueRotate</text>
    <text x="100" y="490" filter="url(#LuminanceToAlpha)" >Luminance</text>
  </g>
</svg>
Example
Example

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)

11 Filter primitive ‘feComponentTransfer’

‘feComponentTransfer’
Categories:
Filter primitives element, filter primitive element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

This filter primitive performs component-wise remapping of data as follows:

R' = feFuncR( R )
G' = feFuncG( G )
B' = feFuncB( B )
A' = feFuncA( A )

for every pixel. It allows operations like brightness adjustment, contrast adjustment, color balance or thresholding.

The calculations are performed on non-premultiplied color values. If the input graphics consists of premultiplied color values, those values are automatically converted into non-premultiplied color values for this operation. (Note that the undoing and redoing of the premultiplication can be avoided if ‘feFuncA’ is the identity transform and all alpha values on the source graphic are set to 1.)

The child elements of a ‘feComponentTransfer’ element specify the transfer functions for the four channels:

The following rules apply to the processing of the ‘feComponentTransfer’ element:

‘feFuncR’
Categories:
Transfer function element element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:
‘feFuncG’
Categories:
Transfer function element element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:
‘feFuncB’
Categories:
Transfer function element element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:
‘feFuncA’
Categories:
Transfer function element element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

The attributes below are the transfer function element attributes, which apply to the transfer function elements.

Attribute definitions:

type = "identity | table | discrete | linear | gamma"

Indicates the type of component transfer function. The type of function determines the applicability of the other attributes.

  • For identity:
    C' = C
  • For table, the function is defined by linear interpolation into a lookup table by attribute tableValues, which provides a list of n+1 values (i.e., v0 to vn) in order to identify n interpolation ranges. Interpolations use the following formula.

    For a value C pick a k such that:

    k/N <= C < (k+1)/N

    The result C' is given by:

    C' = vk + (C - k/N)*N * (vk+1 - vk)

  • For discrete, the function is defined by the step function defined by attribute tableValues, which provides a list of n values (i.e., v0 to vn-1) in order to identify a step function consisting of n steps. The step function is defined by the following formula.

    For a value C pick a k such that:

    k/N <= C < (k+1)/N

    The result C' is given by:

    C' = vk

  • For linear, the function is defined by the following linear equation:

    C' = slope * C + intercept

  • For gamma, the function is defined by the following exponential function:

    C' = amplitude * pow(C, exponent) + offset

Animatable: yes.
tableValues = "(list of <number>s)"
When type="table", the list of <number> s v0,v1,...vn, separated by white space and/or a comma, which define the lookup table. An empty list results in an identity transfer function. If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if an empty list were provided.
Animatable: yes.
slope = "<number>"
When type="linear", the slope of the linear function.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 1 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
intercept = "<number>"
When type="linear", the intercept of the linear function.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
amplitude = "<number>"
When type="gamma", the amplitude of the gamma function.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 1 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
exponent = "<number>"
When type="gamma", the exponent of the gamma function.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 1 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
offset = "<number>"
When type="gamma", the offset of the gamma function.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 
          "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg width="8cm" height="4cm" viewBox="0 0 800 400"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">
  <title>Example feComponentTransfer - Examples of feComponentTransfer operations</title>
  <desc>Four text strings showing the effects of feComponentTransfer: 
        an identity function acting as a reference, 
        use of the feComponentTransfer table option,
        use of the feComponentTransfer linear option,
        and use of the feComponentTransfer gamma option.</desc>
  <defs>
    <linearGradient id="MyGradient" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"
            x1="100" y1="0" x2="600" y2="0">
      <stop offset="0" stop-color="#ff0000" />
      <stop offset=".33" stop-color="#00ff00" />
      <stop offset=".67" stop-color="#0000ff" />
      <stop offset="1" stop-color="#000000" />
    </linearGradient>
    <filter id="Identity" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
            x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
      <feComponentTransfer>
        <feFuncR type="identity"/>
        <feFuncG type="identity"/>
        <feFuncB type="identity"/>
        <feFuncA type="identity"/>
      </feComponentTransfer>
    </filter>
    <filter id="Table" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
            x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
      <feComponentTransfer>
        <feFuncR type="table" tableValues="0 0 1 1"/>
        <feFuncG type="table" tableValues="1 1 0 0"/>
        <feFuncB type="table" tableValues="0 1 1 0"/>
      </feComponentTransfer>
    </filter>
    <filter id="Linear" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
            x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
      <feComponentTransfer>
        <feFuncR type="linear" slope=".5" intercept=".25"/>
        <feFuncG type="linear" slope=".5" intercept="0"/>
        <feFuncB type="linear" slope=".5" intercept=".5"/>
      </feComponentTransfer>
    </filter>
    <filter id="Gamma" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
            x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
      <feComponentTransfer>
        <feFuncR type="gamma" amplitude="2" exponent="5" offset="0"/>
        <feFuncG type="gamma" amplitude="2" exponent="3" offset="0"/>
        <feFuncB type="gamma" amplitude="2" exponent="1" offset="0"/>
      </feComponentTransfer>
    </filter>
  </defs>
  <rect fill="none" stroke="blue"  
        x="1" y="1" width="798" height="398"/>
  <g font-family="Verdana" font-size="75" 
            font-weight="bold" fill="url(#MyGradient)" >
    <rect x="100" y="0" width="600" height="20" />
    <text x="100" y="90">Identity</text>
    <text x="100" y="190" filter="url(#Table)" >TableLookup</text>
    <text x="100" y="290" filter="url(#Linear)" >LinearFunc</text>
    <text x="100" y="390" filter="url(#Gamma)" >GammaFunc</text>
  </g>
</svg>
Example
Example

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)

12 Filter primitive ‘feComposite’

‘feComposite’
Categories:
Filter primitives element, filter primitive element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

This filter performs the combination of the two input images pixel-wise in image space using one of the Porter-Duff [PORTERDUFF] compositing operations: over, in, atop, out, xor. Additionally, a component-wise arithmetic operation (with the result clamped between [0..1]) can be applied.

The arithmetic operation is useful for combining the output from the ‘feDiffuseLighting’ and ‘feSpecularLighting’ filters with texture data. It is also useful for implementing dissolve. If the arithmetic operation is chosen, each result pixel is computed using the following formula:

result = k1*i1*i2 + k2*i1 + k3*i2 + k4

For this filter primitive, the extent of the resulting image might grow as described in the section that describes the filter primitive subregion.

Attribute definitions:

operator = "over | in | out | atop | xor | arithmetic"
The compositing operation that is to be performed. All of the operator types except arithmetic match the correspond operation as described in [PORTERDUFF]. The arithmetic operator is described above.
Animatable: yes.
k1 = "<number>"
Only applicable if operator="arithmetic".
If the attribute is not specified, the effect is as if a value of "0" were specified.
Animatable: yes.
k2 = "<number>"
Only applicable if operator="arithmetic".
If the attribute is not specified, the effect is as if a value of "0" were specified.
Animatable: yes.
k3 = "<number>"
Only applicable if operator="arithmetic".
If the attribute is not specified, the effect is as if a value of "0" were specified.
Animatable: yes.
k4 = "<number>"
Only applicable if operator="arithmetic".
If the attribute is not specified, the effect is as if a value of "0" were specified.
Animatable: yes.
in2 = "(see in attribute)"
The second input image to the compositing operation. This attribute can take on the same values as the in attribute.
Animatable: yes.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 
          "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg width="330" height="195" viewBox="0 0 1100 650" version="1.1"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <title>Example feComposite - Examples of feComposite operations</title>
  <desc>Four rows of six pairs of overlapping triangles depicting
        the six different feComposite operators under different
        opacity values and different clearing of the background.</desc>
	<defs>
    <desc>Define two sets of six filters for each of the six compositing operators.
          The first set wipes out the background image by flooding with opaque white.
          The second set does not wipe out the background, with the result
          that the background sometimes shines through and is other cases
          is blended into itself (i.e., "double-counting").</desc>
    <filter id="overFlood" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
      <feFlood flood-color="#ffffff" flood-opacity="1" result="flood"/>
      <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" operator="over" result="comp"/>
      <feMerge> <feMergeNode in="flood"/> <feMergeNode in="comp"/> </feMerge>
    </filter>
    <filter id="inFlood" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
      <feFlood flood-color="#ffffff" flood-opacity="1" result="flood"/>
      <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" operator="in" result="comp"/>
      <feMerge> <feMergeNode in="flood"/> <feMergeNode in="comp"/> </feMerge>
    </filter>
    <filter id="outFlood" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
      <feFlood flood-color="#ffffff" flood-opacity="1" result="flood"/>
      <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" operator="out" result="comp"/>
      <feMerge> <feMergeNode in="flood"/> <feMergeNode in="comp"/> </feMerge>
    </filter>
    <filter id="atopFlood" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
      <feFlood flood-color="#ffffff" flood-opacity="1" result="flood"/>
      <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" operator="atop" result="comp"/>
      <feMerge> <feMergeNode in="flood"/> <feMergeNode in="comp"/> </feMerge>
    </filter>
    <filter id="xorFlood" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
      <feFlood flood-color="#ffffff" flood-opacity="1" result="flood"/>
      <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" operator="xor" result="comp"/>
      <feMerge> <feMergeNode in="flood"/> <feMergeNode in="comp"/> </feMerge>
    </filter>
    <filter id="arithmeticFlood" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
            x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
      <feFlood flood-color="#ffffff" flood-opacity="1" result="flood"/>
      <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" result="comp"
                   operator="arithmetic" k1=".5" k2=".5" k3=".5" k4=".5"/>
      <feMerge> <feMergeNode in="flood"/> <feMergeNode in="comp"/> </feMerge>
    </filter>
    <filter id="overNoFlood" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
      <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" operator="over" result="comp"/>
    </filter>
    <filter id="inNoFlood" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
      <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" operator="in" result="comp"/>
    </filter>
    <filter id="outNoFlood" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
      <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" operator="out" result="comp"/>
    </filter>
    <filter id="atopNoFlood" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
      <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" operator="atop" result="comp"/>
    </filter>
    <filter id="xorNoFlood" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
      <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" operator="xor" result="comp"/>
    </filter>
    <filter id="arithmeticNoFlood" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
            x="-5%" y="-5%" width="110%" height="110%">
      <feComposite in="SourceGraphic" in2="BackgroundImage" result="comp"
                   operator="arithmetic" k1=".5" k2=".5" k3=".5" k4=".5"/>
    </filter>
    <path id="Blue100" d="M 0 0 L 100 0 L 100 100 z" fill="#00ffff" />
    <path id="Red100" d="M 0 0 L 0 100 L 100 0 z" fill="#ff00ff" />
    <path id="Blue50" d="M 0 125 L 100 125 L 100 225 z" fill="#00ffff" fill-opacity=".5" />
    <path id="Red50" d="M 0 125 L 0 225 L 100 125 z" fill="#ff00ff" fill-opacity=".5" />
    <g id="TwoBlueTriangles">
      <use xlink:href="#Blue100"/>
      <use xlink:href="#Blue50"/>
    </g>
    <g id="BlueTriangles">
      <use transform="translate(275,25)" xlink:href="#TwoBlueTriangles"/>
      <use transform="translate(400,25)" xlink:href="#TwoBlueTriangles"/>
      <use transform="translate(525,25)" xlink:href="#TwoBlueTriangles"/>
      <use transform="translate(650,25)" xlink:href="#TwoBlueTriangles"/>
      <use transform="translate(775,25)" xlink:href="#TwoBlueTriangles"/>
      <use transform="translate(900,25)" xlink:href="#TwoBlueTriangles"/>
    </g>
  </defs>

  <rect fill="none" stroke="blue" x="1" y="1" width="1098" height="648"/>
  <g font-family="Verdana" font-size="40" shape-rendering="crispEdges">
    <desc>Render the examples using the filters that draw on top of
          an opaque white surface, thus obliterating the background.</desc>
    <g enable-background="new">
      <text x="15" y="75">opacity 1.0</text>
      <text x="15" y="115" font-size="27">(with feFlood)</text>
      <text x="15" y="200">opacity 0.5</text>
      <text x="15" y="240" font-size="27">(with feFlood)</text>
      <use xlink:href="#BlueTriangles"/>
      <g transform="translate(275,25)">
        <use xlink:href="#Red100" filter="url(#overFlood)" />
        <use xlink:href="#Red50" filter="url(#overFlood)" />
        <text x="5" y="275">over</text>
      </g>
      <g transform="translate(400,25)">
        <use xlink:href="#Red100" filter="url(#inFlood)" />
        <use xlink:href="#Red50" filter="url(#inFlood)" />
        <text x="35" y="275">in</text>
      </g>
      <g transform="translate(525,25)">
        <use xlink:href="#Red100" filter="url(#outFlood)" />
        <use xlink:href="#Red50" filter="url(#outFlood)" />
        <text x="15" y="275">out</text>
      </g>
      <g transform="translate(650,25)">
        <use xlink:href="#Red100" filter="url(#atopFlood)" />
        <use xlink:href="#Red50" filter="url(#atopFlood)" />
        <text x="10" y="275">atop</text>
      </g>
      <g transform="translate(775,25)">
        <use xlink:href="#Red100" filter="url(#xorFlood)" />
        <use xlink:href="#Red50" filter="url(#xorFlood)" />
        <text x="15" y="275">xor</text>
      </g>
      <g transform="translate(900,25)">
        <use xlink:href="#Red100" filter="url(#arithmeticFlood)" />
        <use xlink:href="#Red50" filter="url(#arithmeticFlood)" />
        <text x="-25" y="275">arithmetic</text>
      </g>
    </g>
    <g transform="translate(0,325)" enable-background="new">
    <desc>Render the examples using the filters that do not obliterate
          the background, thus sometimes causing the background to continue
          to appear in some cases, and in other cases the background
          image blends into itself ("double-counting").</desc>
      <text x="15" y="75">opacity 1.0</text>
      <text x="15" y="115" font-size="27">(without feFlood)</text>
      <text x="15" y="200">opacity 0.5</text>
      <text x="15" y="240" font-size="27">(without feFlood)</text>
      <use xlink:href="#BlueTriangles"/>
      <g transform="translate(275,25)">
        <use xlink:href="#Red100" filter="url(#overNoFlood)" />
        <use xlink:href="#Red50" filter="url(#overNoFlood)" />
        <text x="5" y="275">over</text>
      </g>
      <g transform="translate(400,25)">
        <use xlink:href="#Red100" filter="url(#inNoFlood)" />
        <use xlink:href="#Red50" filter="url(#inNoFlood)" />
        <text x="35" y="275">in</text>
      </g>
      <g transform="translate(525,25)">
        <use xlink:href="#Red100" filter="url(#outNoFlood)" />
        <use xlink:href="#Red50" filter="url(#outNoFlood)" />
        <text x="15" y="275">out</text>
      </g>
      <g transform="translate(650,25)">
        <use xlink:href="#Red100" filter="url(#atopNoFlood)" />
        <use xlink:href="#Red50" filter="url(#atopNoFlood)" />
        <text x="10" y="275">atop</text>
      </g>
      <g transform="translate(775,25)">
        <use xlink:href="#Red100" filter="url(#xorNoFlood)" />
        <use xlink:href="#Red50" filter="url(#xorNoFlood)" />
        <text x="15" y="275">xor</text>
      </g>
      <g transform="translate(900,25)">
        <use xlink:href="#Red100" filter="url(#arithmeticNoFlood)" />
        <use xlink:href="#Red50" filter="url(#arithmeticNoFlood)" />
        <text x="-25" y="275">arithmetic</text>
      </g>
    </g>
  </g>
</svg>
Example
Example

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)

13 Filter primitive ‘feConvolveMatrix’

‘feConvolveMatrix’
Categories:
Filter primitives element, filter primitive element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

feConvolveMatrix applies a matrix convolution filter effect. A convolution combines pixels in the input image with neighboring pixels to produce a resulting image. A wide variety of imaging operations can be achieved through convolutions, including blurring, edge detection, sharpening, embossing and beveling.

A matrix convolution is based on an n-by-m matrix (the convolution kernel) which describes how a given pixel value in the input image is combined with its neighboring pixel values to produce a resulting pixel value. Each result pixel is determined by applying the kernel matrix to the corresponding source pixel and its neighboring pixels. The basic convolution formula which is applied to each color value for a given pixel is:

RESULTX,Y = ( 
              SUM I=0 to ['orderY'-1] { 
                SUM J=0 to ['orderX'-1] { 
                  SOURCE X-‘targetX’+J, Y-‘targetY’+I *  ‘kernelMatrix’'orderX'-J-1,  'orderY'-I-1 
                } 
              } 
            ) /  ‘divisor’ +  ‘bias’

ED: Consider making this into mathml

where "orderX" and "orderY" represent the X and Y values for the ‘order’ attribute, "targetX" represents the value of the ‘targetX’ attribute, "targetY" represents the value of the ‘targetY’ attribute, "kernelMatrix" represents the value of the ‘kernelMatrix’ attribute, "divisor" represents the value of the ‘divisor’ attribute, and "bias" represents the value of the ‘bias’ attribute.

Note in the above formulas that the values in the kernel matrix are applied such that the kernel matrix is rotated 180 degrees relative to the source and destination images in order to match convolution theory as described in many computer graphics textbooks.

To illustrate, suppose you have a input image which is 5 pixels by 5 pixels, whose color values for one of the color channels are as follows:

    0  20  40 235 235
  100 120 140 235 235
  200 220 240 235 235
  225 225 255 255 255
  225 225 255 255 255
ED: Consider making this into mathml

and you define a 3-by-3 convolution kernel as follows:

  1 2 3
  4 5 6
  7 8 9
ED: Consider making this into mathml

Let's focus on the color value at the second row and second column of the image (source pixel value is 120). Assuming the simplest case (where the input image's pixel grid aligns perfectly with the kernel's pixel grid) and assuming default values for attributes ‘divisor’, ‘targetX’ and ‘targetY’, then resulting color value will be:

(9*  0 + 8* 20 + 7* 40 +
6*100 + 5*120 + 4*140 +
3*200 + 2*220 + 1*240) / (9+8+7+6+5+4+3+2+1)
ED: Consider making this into mathml

Because they operate on pixels, matrix convolutions are inherently resolution-dependent. To make ‘feConvolveMatrix’ produce resolution-independent results, an explicit value should be provided for either the ‘filterRes’ attribute on the ‘filter’ element and/or attribute ‘kernelUnitLength’.

‘kernelUnitLength’, in combination with the other attributes, defines an implicit pixel grid in the filter effects coordinate system (i.e., the coordinate system established by the ‘primitiveUnits’ attribute). If the pixel grid established by ‘kernelUnitLength’ is not scaled to match the pixel grid established by attribute ‘filterRes’ (implicitly or explicitly), then the input image will be temporarily rescaled to match its pixels with ‘kernelUnitLength’. The convolution happens on the resampled image. After applying the convolution, the image is resampled back to the original resolution.

When the image must be resampled to match the coordinate system defined by ‘kernelUnitLength’ prior to convolution, or resampled to match the device coordinate system after convolution, it is recommended that high quality viewers make use of appropriate interpolation techniques, for example bilinear or bicubic. Depending on the speed of the available interpolents, this choice may be affected by the ‘image-rendering’ property setting. Note that implementations might choose approaches that minimize or eliminate resampling when not necessary to produce proper results, such as when the document is zoomed out such that ‘kernelUnitLength’ is considerably smaller than a device pixel.

Attribute definitions:

order = "<number-optional-number>"
Indicates the number of cells in each dimension for ‘kernelMatrix’. The values provided must be <integer> s greater than zero. The first number, <orderX>, indicates the number of columns in the matrix. The second number, <orderY>, indicates the number of rows in the matrix. If <orderY> is not provided, it defaults to <orderX>.
A typical value is order="3". It is recommended that only small values (e.g., 3) be used; higher values may result in very high CPU overhead and usually do not produce results that justify the impact on performance.
If the attribute is not specified, the effect is as if a value of "3" were specified.
Animatable: yes.
kernelMatrix = "<list of numbers>"
The list of <number> s that make up the kernel matrix for the convolution. Values are separated by space characters and/or a comma. The number of entries in the list must equal <orderX> times <orderY>.
Animatable: yes.
divisor = "<number>"
After applying the kernelMatrix to the input image to yield a number, that number is divided by ‘divisor’ to yield the final destination color value. A divisor that is the sum of all the matrix values tends to have an evening effect on the overall color intensity of the result. If the specified divisor is zero then the default value will be used instead. The default value is the sum of all values in kernelMatrix, with the exception that if the sum is zero, then the divisor is set to 1.
Animatable: yes.
bias = "<number>"
After applying the kernelMatrix to the input image to yield a number and applying the ‘divisor’, the ‘bias’ attribute is added to each component. One application of ‘bias’ is when it is desirable to have .5 gray value be the zero response of the filter. If ‘bias’ is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of zero were specified.
Animatable: yes.
targetX = "<integer>"
Determines the positioning in X of the convolution matrix relative to a given target pixel in the input image. The leftmost column of the matrix is column number zero. The value must be such that: 0 <= targetX < orderX. By default, the convolution matrix is centered in X over each pixel of the input image (i.e., targetX = floor ( orderX / 2 )).
Animatable: yes.
targetY = "<integer>"
Determines the positioning in Y of the convolution matrix relative to a given target pixel in the input image. The topmost row of the matrix is row number zero. The value must be such that: 0 <= targetY < orderY. By default, the convolution matrix is centered in Y over each pixel of the input image (i.e., targetY = floor ( orderY / 2 )).
Animatable: yes.
edgeMode = "duplicate | wrap | none"

Determines how to extend the input image as necessary with color values so that the matrix operations can be applied when the kernel is positioned at or near the edge of the input image.

"duplicate" indicates that the input image is extended along each of its borders as necessary by duplicating the color values at the given edge of the input image.

Original N-by-M image, where m=M-1 and n=N-1:
          11 12 ... 1m 1M
          21 22 ... 2m 2M
          .. .. ... .. ..
          n1 n2 ... nm nM
          N1 N2 ... Nm NM
Extended by two pixels using "duplicate":
  11 11   11 12 ... 1m 1M   1M 1M
  11 11   11 12 ... 1m 1M   1M 1M
  11 11   11 12 ... 1m 1M   1M 1M
  21 21   21 22 ... 2m 2M   2M 2M
  .. ..   .. .. ... .. ..   .. ..
  n1 n1   n1 n2 ... nm nM   nM nM
  N1 N1   N1 N2 ... Nm NM   NM NM
  N1 N1   N1 N2 ... Nm NM   NM NM
  N1 N1   N1 N2 ... Nm NM   NM NM
ED: Consider making this into mathml

"wrap" indicates that the input image is extended by taking the color values from the opposite edge of the image.

Extended by two pixels using "wrap":
  nm nM   n1 n2 ... nm nM   n1 n2
  Nm NM   N1 N2 ... Nm NM   N1 N2
  1m 1M   11 12 ... 1m 1M   11 12
  2m 2M   21 22 ... 2m 2M   21 22
  .. ..   .. .. ... .. ..   .. ..
  nm nM   n1 n2 ... nm nM   n1 n2
  Nm NM   N1 N2 ... Nm NM   N1 N2
  1m 1M   11 12 ... 1m 1M   11 12
  2m 2M   21 22 ... 2m 2M   21 22
ED: Consider making this into mathml

"none" indicates that the input image is extended with pixel values of zero for R, G, B and A.

Animatable: yes.

kernelUnitLength = "<number-optional-number>"
The first number is the <dx> value. The second number is the <dy> value. If the <dy> value is not specified, it defaults to the same value as <dx>. Indicates the intended distance in current filter units (i.e., units as determined by the value of attribute ‘primitiveUnits’) between successive columns and rows, respectively, in the ‘kernelMatrix’. By specifying value(s) for ‘kernelUnitLength’, the kernel becomes defined in a scalable, abstract coordinate system. If ‘kernelUnitLength’ is not specified, the default value is one pixel in the offscreen bitmap, which is a pixel-based coordinate system, and thus potentially not scalable. For some level of consistency across display media and user agents, it is necessary that a value be provided for at least one of ‘filterRes’ and ‘kernelUnitLength’. In some implementations, the most consistent results and the fastest performance will be achieved if the pixel grid of the temporary offscreen images aligns with the pixel grid of the kernel.
If a negative or zero value is specified the default value will be used instead.
Animatable: yes.
preserveAlpha = "false | true"
A value of false indicates that the convolution will apply to all channels, including the alpha channel.
A value of true indicates that the convolution will only apply to the color channels. In this case, the filter will temporarily unpremultiply the color component values, apply the kernel, and then re-premultiply at the end.
If ‘preserveAlpha’ is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of false were specified.
Animatable: yes.

14 Filter primitive ‘feDiffuseLighting’

‘feDiffuseLighting’
Categories:
Filter primitives element, filter primitive element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

This filter primitive lights an image using the alpha channel as a bump map. The resulting image is an RGBA opaque image based on the light color with alpha = 1.0 everywhere. The lighting calculation follows the standard diffuse component of the Phong lighting model. The resulting image depends on the light color, light position and surface geometry of the input bump map.

The light map produced by this filter primitive can be combined with a texture image using the multiply term of the arithmetic ‘feComposite’ compositing method. Multiple light sources can be simulated by adding several of these light maps together before applying it to the texture image.

The formulas below make use of 3x3 filters. Because they operate on pixels, such filters are inherently resolution-dependent. To make ‘feDiffuseLighting’ produce resolution-independent results, an explicit value should be provided for either the ‘filterRes’ attribute on the ‘filter’ element and/or attribute ‘kernelUnitLength’.

‘kernelUnitLength’, in combination with the other attributes, defines an implicit pixel grid in the filter effects coordinate system (i.e., the coordinate system established by the ‘primitiveUnits’ attribute). If the pixel grid established by ‘kernelUnitLength’ is not scaled to match the pixel grid established by attribute ‘filterRes’ (implicitly or explicitly), then the input image will be temporarily rescaled to match its pixels with ‘kernelUnitLength’. The 3x3 filters are applied to the resampled image. After applying the filter, the image is resampled back to its original resolution.

When the image must be resampled, it is recommended that high quality viewers make use of appropriate interpolation techniques, for example bilinear or bicubic. Depending on the speed of the available interpolents, this choice may be affected by the ‘image-rendering’ property setting. Note that implementations might choose approaches that minimize or eliminate resampling when not necessary to produce proper results, such as when the document is zoomed out such that ‘kernelUnitLength’ is considerably smaller than a device pixel.

For the formulas that follow, the Norm(Ax,Ay,Az) function is defined as:

ED: Consider making the following in mathml

Norm(Ax,Ay,Az) = sqrt(Ax^2+Ay^2+Az^2)

The resulting RGBA image is computed as follows:

Dr = kd * N.L * Lr
Dg = kd * N.L * Lg
Db = kd * N.L * Lb
Da = 1.0

where

kd = diffuse lighting constant
N = surface normal unit vector, a function of x and y
L = unit vector pointing from surface to light, a function of x and y in the point and spot light cases
Lr,Lg,Lb = RGB components of light, a function of x and y in the spot light case

N is a function of x and y and depends on the surface gradient as follows:

The surface described by the input alpha image Ain(x,y) is:

Z (x,y) = surfaceScale * Ain(x,y)

Surface normal is calculated using the Sobel gradient 3x3 filter. Different filter kernels are used depending on whether the given pixel is on the interior or an edge. For each case, the formula is:

Nx (x,y)= - surfaceScale * FACTORx *
           (K x(0,0)*I(x-dx,y-dy) + Kx(1,0)*I(x,y-dy) + Kx(2,0)*I(x+dx,y-dy) +
            K x(0,1)*I(x-dx,y)   + Kx(1,1)*I(x,y)   + Kx(2,1)*I(x+dx,y)   +
            K x(0,2)*I(x-dx,y+dy) + Kx(1,2)*I(x,y+dy) + Kx(2,2)*I(x+dx,y+dy))
Ny (x,y)= - surfaceScale * FACTORy *
           (K y(0,0)*I(x-dx,y-dy) + Ky(1,0)*I(x,y-dy) + Ky(2,0)*I(x+dx,y-dy) +
            K y(0,1)*I(x-dx,y)   + Ky(1,1)*I(x,y)   + Ky(2,1)*I(x+dx,y)   +
            K y(0,2)*I(x-dx,y+dy) + Ky(1,2)*I(x,y+dy) + Ky(2,2)*I(x+dx,y+dy))
Nz (x,y) = 1.0

N = (Nx, Ny, Nz) / Norm((Nx,Ny,Nz))

In these formulas, the dx and dy values (e.g., I(x-dx,y-dy)), represent deltas relative to a given (x,y) position for the purpose of estimating the slope of the surface at that point. These deltas are determined by the value (explicit or implicit) of attribute ‘kernelUnitLength’.

Top/left corner:

FACTORx=2/(3*dx)
Kx =
    |  0  0  0 |
    |  0 -2  2 |
    |  0 -1  1 |

FACTORy=2/(3*dy)
Ky =  
    |  0  0  0 |
    |  0 -2 -1 |
    |  0  2  1 |

Top row:

FACTORx=1/(3*dx)
Kx =
    |  0  0  0 |
    | -2  0  2 |
    | -1  0  1 |

FACTORy=1/(2*dy)
Ky =  
    |  0  0  0 |
    | -1 -2 -1 |
    |  1  2  1 |

Top/right corner:

FACTORx=2/(3*dx)
Kx =
    |  0  0  0 |
    | -2  2  0 |
    | -1  1  0 |

FACTORy=2/(3*dy)
Ky =  
    |  0  0  0 |
    | -1 -2  0 |
    |  1  2  0 |

Left column:

FACTORx=1/(2*dx)
Kx =
    | 0 -1  1 |
    | 0 -2  2 |
    | 0 -1  1 |

FACTORy=1/(3*dy)
Ky =  
    |  0 -2 -1 |
    |  0  0  0 |
    |  0  2  1 |

Interior pixels:

FACTORx=1/(4*dx)
Kx =
    | -1  0  1 |
    | -2  0  2 |
    | -1  0  1 |

FACTORy=1/(4*dy)
Ky =  
    | -1 -2 -1 |
    |  0  0  0 |
    |  1  2  1 |

Right column:

FACTORx=1/(2*dx)
Kx =
    | -1  1  0|
    | -2  2  0|
    | -1  1  0|

FACTORy=1/(3*dy)
Ky =  
    | -1 -2  0 |
    |  0  0  0 |
    |  1  2  0 |

Bottom/left corner:

FACTORx=2/(3*dx)
Kx =
    | 0 -1  1 |
    | 0 -2  2 |
    | 0  0  0 |

FACTORy=2/(3*dy)
Ky =  
    |  0 -2 -1 |
    |  0  2  1 |
    |  0  0  0 |

Bottom row:

FACTORx=1/(3*dx)
Kx =
    | -1  0  1 |
    | -2  0  2 |
    |  0  0  0 |

FACTORy=1/(2*dy)
Ky =  
    | -1 -2 -1 |
    |  1  2  1 |
    |  0  0  0 |

Bottom/right corner:

FACTORx=2/(3*dx)
Kx =
    | -1  1  0 |
    | -2  2  0 |
    |  0  0  0 |

FACTORy=2/(3*dy)
Ky =  
    | -1 -2  0 |
    |  1  2  0 |
    |  0  0  0 |

L, the unit vector from the image sample to the light, is calculated as follows:

For Infinite light sources it is constant:

Lx = cos(azimuth)*cos(elevation)
Ly = sin(azimuth)*cos(elevation)
Lz = sin(elevation)

For Point and spot lights it is a function of position:

Lx = Lightx - x
Ly = Lighty - y
Lz = Lightz - Z(x,y)

L = (Lx, Ly, Lz) / Norm(Lx, Ly, Lz)

where Lightx, Lighty, and Lightz are the input light position.

Lr,Lg,Lb, the light color vector, is a function of position in the spot light case only:

Lr = Lightr*pow((-L.S),specularExponent)
Lg = Lightg*pow((-L.S),specularExponent)
Lb = Lightb*pow((-L.S),specularExponent)

where S is the unit vector pointing from the light to the point (pointsAtX, pointsAtY, pointsAtZ) in the x-y plane:

Sx = pointsAtX - Lightx
Sy = pointsAtY - Lighty
Sz = pointsAtZ - Lightz

S = (Sx, Sy, Sz) / Norm(Sx, Sy, Sz)

If L.S is positive, no light is present. (Lr = Lg = Lb = 0). If ‘limitingConeAngle’ is specified, -L.S < cos(limitingConeAngle) also indicates that no light is present.

Attribute definitions:

surfaceScale = "<number>"
height of surface when Ain = 1.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 1 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
diffuseConstant = "<number>"
kd in Phong lighting model. In SVG, this can be any non-negative number.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 1 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
kernelUnitLength = "<number-optional-number>"
The first number is the <dx> value. The second number is the <dy> value. If the <dy> value is not specified, it defaults to the same value as <dx>. Indicates the intended distance in current filter units (i.e., units as determined by the value of attribute ‘primitiveUnits’) for dx and dy, respectively, in the surface normal calculation formulas. By specifying value(s) for kernelUnitLength, the kernel becomes defined in a scalable, abstract coordinate system. If kernelUnitLength is not specified, the dx and dy values should represent very small deltas relative to a given (x,y) position, which might be implemented in some cases as one pixel in the intermediate image offscreen bitmap, which is a pixel-based coordinate system, and thus potentially not scalable. For some level of consistency across display media and user agents, it is necessary that a value be provided for at least one of ‘filterRes’ and kernelUnitLength. Discussion of intermediate images are in the Introduction and in the description of attribute ‘filterRes’.
If a negative or zero value is specified the default value will be used instead.
Animatable: yes.

The light source is defined by one of the child elements ‘feDistantLight’, ‘fePointLight’ or ‘feSpotLight’. The light color is specified by property ‘lighting-color’.

15 Filter primitive ‘feDisplacementMap’

‘feDisplacementMap’
Categories:
Filter primitives element, filter primitive element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

This filter primitive uses the pixels values from the image from ‘in2’ to spatially displace the image from ‘in’. This is the transformation to be performed:

	P'(x,y) ← P( x + scale * (XC(x,y) - .5), y + scale * (YC(x,y) - .5))
	

where P(x,y) is the input image, ‘in’, and P'(x,y) is the destination. XC(x,y) and YC(x,y) are the component values of the channel designated by the ‘xChannelSelector’ and ‘yChannelSelector’. For example, to use the R component of ‘in2’ to control displacement in x and the G component of Image2 to control displacement in y, set ‘xChannelSelector’ to "R" and ‘yChannelSelector’ to "G".

The displacement map, ‘in2’, defines the inverse of the mapping performed.

The input image in is to remain premultiplied for this filter primitive. The calculations using the pixel values from ‘in2’ are performed using non-premultiplied color values. If the image from ‘in2’ consists of premultiplied color values, those values are automatically converted into non-premultiplied color values before performing this operation.

This filter can have arbitrary non-localized effect on the input which might require substantial buffering in the processing pipeline. However with this formulation, any intermediate buffering needs can be determined by ‘scale’ which represents the maximum range of displacement in either x or y.

When applying this filter, the source pixel location will often lie between several source pixels. In this case it is recommended that high quality viewers apply an interpolent on the surrounding pixels, for example bilinear or bicubic, rather than simply selecting the nearest source pixel. Depending on the speed of the available interpolents, this choice may be affected by the ‘image-rendering’ property setting.

The ‘color-interpolation-filters’ property only applies to the ‘in2’ source image and does not apply to the ‘in’ source image. The ‘in’ source image must remain in its current color space.

Attribute definitions:

scale = "<number>"
Displacement scale factor. The amount is expressed in the coordinate system established by attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element.
When the value of this attribute is 0, this operation has no effect on the source image.

The lacuna value for ‘scale’ is 0.

Animatable: yes.
xChannelSelector = "R | G | B | A"
Indicates which channel from ‘in2’ to use to displace the pixels in ‘in’ along the x-axis.
Animatable: yes.
yChannelSelector = "R | G | B | A"
Indicates which channel from ‘in2’ to use to displace the pixels in ‘in’ along the y-axis.
Animatable: yes.
in2 = "(see ‘in’ attribute)"
The second input image, which is used to displace the pixels in the image from attribute ‘in’. This attribute can take on the same values as the ‘in’ attribute.
Animatable: yes.

16 Filter primitive ‘feFlood’

‘feFlood’
Categories:
Filter primitives element, filter primitive element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

This filter primitive creates a rectangle filled with the color and opacity values from properties ‘flood-color’ and ‘flood-opacity’. The rectangle is as large as the filter primitive subregion established by the ‘feFlood’ element.

 

The ‘flood-color’ property indicates what color to use to flood the current filter primitive subregion. The keyword currentColor and ICC colors can be specified in the same manner as within a <paint> specification for the ‘fill’ and ‘stroke’ properties.

‘flood-color’
Value:  currentColor |
<color> [<icccolor>] |
inherit
Initial:  black
Applies to:  ‘feFlood’ and ‘feDropShadow’ elements
Inherited:  no
Percentages:  N/A
Media:  visual
Animatable:  yes

The ‘flood-opacity’ property defines the opacity value to use across the entire filter primitive subregion.

‘flood-opacity’
Value:  <opacity-value> | inherit
Initial:  1
Applies to:  ‘feFlood’ and ‘feDropShadow’ elements
Inherited:  no
Percentages:  N/A
Media:  visual
Animatable:  yes

17 Filter primitive ‘feGaussianBlur’

‘feGaussianBlur’
Categories:
Filter primitives element, filter primitive element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

This filter primitive performs a Gaussian blur on the input image.

The Gaussian blur kernel is an approximation of the normalized convolution:

H(x) = exp(-x2/ (2s2)) / sqrt(2* pi*s2)

where 's' is the standard deviation specified by stdDeviation.

The value of stdDeviation can be either one or two numbers. If two numbers are provided, the first number represents a standard deviation value along the x-axis of the current coordinate system and the second value represents a standard deviation in Y. If one number is provided, then that value is used for both X and Y.

Even if only one value is provided for stdDeviation, this can be implemented as a separable convolution.

For larger values of 's' (s >= 2.0), an approximation can be used: Three successive box-blurs build a piece-wise quadratic convolution kernel, which approximates the Gaussian kernel to within roughly 3%.

let d = floor(s * 3*sqrt(2*pi)/4 + 0.5)

... if d is odd, use three box-blurs of size 'd', centered on the output pixel.

... if d is even, two box-blurs of size 'd' (the first one centered on the pixel boundary between the output pixel and the one to the left, the second one centered on the pixel boundary between the output pixel and the one to the right) and one box blur of size 'd+1' centered on the output pixel.

Frequently this operation will take place on alpha-only images, such as that produced by the built-in input, SourceAlpha. The implementation may notice this and optimize the single channel case. If the input has infinite extent and is constant, this operation has no effect. If the input has infinite extent and is a tile, the filter is evaluated with periodic boundary conditions.

Attribute definitions:

stdDeviation = "<number-optional-number>"
The standard deviation for the blur operation. If two <number> s are provided, the first number represents a standard deviation value along the x-axis of the coordinate system established by attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element. The second value represents a standard deviation in Y. If one number is provided, then that value is used for both X and Y.
A negative or zero value disables the effect of the given filter primitive (i.e., the result is a transparent black image).
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.

The example at the start of this chapter makes use of the feGaussianBlur filter primitive to create a drop shadow effect.

18 Filter primitive ‘feImage’

‘feImage’
Categories:
Filter primitives element, filter primitive element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

This filter primitive refers to a graphic external to this filter element, which is loaded or rendered into an RGBA raster and becomes the result of the filter primitive.

This filter primitive can refer to an external image or can be a reference to another piece of SVG. It produces an image similar to the built-in image source SourceGraphic except that the graphic comes from an external source.

If the xlink:href references a stand-alone image resource such as a JPEG, PNG or SVG file, then the image resource is rendered according to the behavior of the ‘image’ element; otherwise, the referenced resource is rendered according to the behavior of the ‘use’ element. In either case, the current user coordinate system depends on the value of attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element. The processing of the preserveAspectRatio attribute on the ‘feImage’ element is identical to that of the ‘image’ element.

When the referenced image must be resampled to match the device coordinate system, it is recommended that high quality viewers make use of appropriate interpolation techniques, for example bilinear or bicubic. Depending on the speed of the available interpolents, this choice may be affected by the ‘image-rendering’ property setting.

Attribute definitions:

xlink:href = "<IRI>"
An IRI reference to an image resource or to an element.
Animatable: yes.

19 Filter primitive ‘feMerge’

‘feMerge’
Categories:
Filter primitives element, filter primitive element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:
‘feMergeNode’
Categories:
None
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

This filter primitive composites input image layers on top of each other using the over operator with Input1 (corresponding to the first ‘feMergeNode’ child element) on the bottom and the last specified input, InputN (corresponding to the last ‘feMergeNode’ child element), on top.

Many effects produce a number of intermediate layers in order to create the final output image. This filter allows us to collapse those into a single image. Although this could be done by using n-1 Composite-filters, it is more convenient to have this common operation available in this form, and offers the implementation some additional flexibility.

Each 'feMerge' element can have any number of 'feMergeNode' subelements, each of which has an in attribute.

The canonical implementation of feMerge is to render the entire effect into one RGBA layer, and then render the resulting layer on the output device. In certain cases (in particular if the output device itself is a continuous tone device), and since merging is associative, it might be a sufficient approximation to evaluate the effect one layer at a time and render each layer individually onto the output device bottom to top.

If the topmost image input is SourceGraphic and this ‘feMerge’ is the last filter primitive in the filter, the implementation is encouraged to render the layers up to that point, and then render the SourceGraphic directly from its vector description on top.

The example at the start of this chapter makes use of the feMerge filter primitive to composite two intermediate filter results together.

20 Filter primitive ‘feMorphology’

‘feMorphology’
Categories:
Filter primitives element, filter primitive element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

This filter primitive performs "fattening" or "thinning" of artwork. It is particularly useful for fattening or thinning an alpha channel.

The dilation (or erosion) kernel is a rectangle with a width of 2*x-radius and a height of 2*y-radius. In dilation, the output pixel is the individual component-wise maximum of the corresponding R,G,B,A values in the input image's kernel rectangle. In erosion, the output pixel is the individual component-wise minimum of the corresponding R,G,B,A values in the input image's kernel rectangle.

Frequently this operation will take place on alpha-only images, such as that produced by the built-in input, SourceAlpha. In that case, the implementation might want to optimize the single channel case.

If the input has infinite extent and is constant, this operation has no effect. If the input has infinite extent and is a tile, the filter is evaluated with periodic boundary conditions.

Because ‘feMorphology’ operates on premultipied color values, it will always result in color values less than or equal to the alpha channel.

Attribute definitions:

operator = "erode | dilate"
A keyword indicating whether to erode (i.e., thin) or dilate (fatten) the source graphic.
Animatable: yes.
radius = "<number-optional-number>"
The radius (or radii) for the operation. If two <number> s are provided, the first number represents a x-radius and the second value represents a y-radius. If one number is provided, then that value is used for both X and Y. The values are in the coordinate system established by attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element.
A negative or zero value disables the effect of the given filter primitive (i.e., the result is a transparent black image).
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 
          "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg width="5cm" height="7cm" viewBox="0 0 700 500"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">
  <title>Example feMorphology - Examples of erode and dilate</title>
  <desc>Five text strings drawn as outlines.
        The first is unfiltered. The second and third use 'erode'.
        The fourth and fifth use 'dilate'.</desc>
  <defs>
    <filter id="Erode3">
      <feMorphology operator="erode" in="SourceGraphic" radius="3" />
    </filter>
    <filter id="Erode6">
      <feMorphology operator="erode" in="SourceGraphic" radius="6" />
    </filter>
    <filter id="Dilate3">
      <feMorphology operator="dilate" in="SourceGraphic" radius="3" />
    </filter>
    <filter id="Dilate6">
      <feMorphology operator="dilate" in="SourceGraphic" radius="6" />
    </filter>
  </defs>
  <rect fill="none" stroke="blue" stroke-width="2"  
        x="1" y="1" width="698" height="498"/>
  <g enable-background="new" >
    <g font-family="Verdana" font-size="75" 
              fill="none" stroke="black" stroke-width="6" >
      <text x="50" y="90">Unfiltered</text>
      <text x="50" y="180" filter="url(#Erode3)" >Erode radius 3</text>
      <text x="50" y="270" filter="url(#Erode6)" >Erode radius 6</text>
      <text x="50" y="360" filter="url(#Dilate3)" >Dilate radius 3</text>
      <text x="50" y="450" filter="url(#Dilate6)" >Dilate radius 6</text>
    </g>
  </g>
</svg>
Example
Example

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)

21 Filter primitive ‘feOffset’

‘feOffset’
Categories:
Filter primitives element, filter primitive element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

This filter primitive offsets the input image relative to its current position in the image space by the specified vector.

This is important for effects like drop shadows.

When applying this filter, the destination location may be offset by a fraction of a pixel in device space. In this case a high quality viewer should make use of appropriate interpolation techniques, for example bilinear or bicubic. This is especially recommended for dynamic viewers where this interpolation provides visually smoother movement of images. For static viewers this is less of a concern. Close attention should be made to the ‘image-rendering’ property setting to determine the authors intent.

Attribute definitions:

dx = "<number>"
The amount to offset the input graphic along the x-axis. The offset amount is expressed in the coordinate system established by attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
dy = "<number>"
The amount to offset the input graphic along the y-axis. The offset amount is expressed in the coordinate system established by attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the ‘filter’ element.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 0 were specified.
Animatable: yes.

The example at the start of this chapter makes use of the feOffset filter primitive to offset the drop shadow from the original source graphic.

22 Filter primitive ‘feSpecularLighting’

‘feSpecularLighting’
Categories:
Filter primitives element, filter primitive element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

This filter primitive lights a source graphic using the alpha channel as a bump map. The resulting image is an RGBA image based on the light color. The lighting calculation follows the standard specular component of the Phong lighting model. The resulting image depends on the light color, light position and surface geometry of the input bump map. The result of the lighting calculation is added. The filter primitive assumes that the viewer is at infinity in the z direction (i.e., the unit vector in the eye direction is (0,0,1) everywhere).

This filter primitive produces an image which contains the specular reflection part of the lighting calculation. Such a map is intended to be combined with a texture using the add term of the arithmetic ‘feComposite’ method. Multiple light sources can be simulated by adding several of these light maps before applying it to the texture image.

The resulting RGBA image is computed as follows:

Sr = ks * pow(N.H, specularExponent) * Lr
Sg = ks * pow(N.H, specularExponent) * Lg
Sb = ks * pow(N.H, specularExponent) * Lb
Sa = max(Sr, Sg, Sb)

where

ks = specular lighting constant
N = surface normal unit vector, a function of x and y
H = "halfway" unit vector between eye unit vector and light unit vector

Lr,Lg,Lb = RGB components of light

See ‘feDiffuseLighting’ for definition of N and (Lr, Lg, Lb).

The definition of H reflects our assumption of the constant eye vector E = (0,0,1):

H = (L + E) / Norm(L+E)

where L is the light unit vector.

Unlike the ‘feDiffuseLighting’, the ‘feSpecularLighting’ filter produces a non-opaque image. This is due to the fact that the specular result (Sr,Sg,Sb,Sa) is meant to be added to the textured image. The alpha channel of the result is the max of the color components, so that where the specular light is zero, no additional coverage is added to the image and a fully white highlight will add opacity.

The ‘feDiffuseLighting’ and ‘feSpecularLighting’ filters will often be applied together. An implementation may detect this and calculate both maps in one pass, instead of two.

Attribute definitions:

surfaceScale = "<number>"
height of surface when Ain = 1.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 1 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
specularConstant = "<number>"
ks in Phong lighting model. In SVG, this can be any non-negative number.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 1 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
specularExponent = "<number>"
Exponent for specular term, larger is more "shiny". Range 1.0 to 128.0.
If the attribute is not specified, then the effect is as if a value of 1 were specified.
Animatable: yes.
kernelUnitLength = "<number-optional-number>"
The first number is the <dx> value. The second number is the <dy> value. If the <dy> value is not specified, it defaults to the same value as <dx>. Indicates the intended distance in current filter units (i.e., units as determined by the value of attribute ‘primitiveUnits’) for dx and dy, respectively, in the surface normal calculation formulas. By specifying value(s) for kernelUnitLength, the kernel becomes defined in a scalable, abstract coordinate system. If kernelUnitLength is not specified, the dx and dy values should represent very small deltas relative to a given (x,y) position, which might be implemented in some cases as one pixel in the intermediate image offscreen bitmap, which is a pixel-based coordinate system, and thus potentially not scalable. For some level of consistency across display media and user agents, it is necessary that a value be provided for at least one of filterRes and kernelUnitLength. Discussion of intermediate images are in the Introduction and in the description of attribute filterRes.
If a negative or zero value is specified the default value will be used instead.
Animatable: yes.

The light source is defined by one of the child elements ‘feDistantLight’, ‘fePointLight’ or ‘feDistantLight’. The light color is specified by property ‘lighting-color’.

The example at the start of this chapter makes use of the feSpecularLighting filter primitive to achieve a highly reflective, 3D glowing effect.

23 Filter primitive ‘feTile’

‘feTile’
Categories:
Filter primitives element, filter primitive element
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

This filter primitive fills a target rectangle with a repeated, tiled pattern of an input image. The target rectangle is as large as the filter primitive subregion established by the ‘feTile’ element.

Typically, the input image has been defined with its own filter primitive subregion in order to define a reference tile. ‘feTile’ replicates the reference tile in both X and Y to completely fill the target rectangle. The top/left corner of each given tile is at location (x+i*width,y+j*height), where (x,y) represents the top/left of the input image's filter primitive subregion, width and height represent the width and height of the input image's filter primitive subregion, and i and j can be any integer value. In most cases, the input image will have a smaller filter primitive subregion than the ‘feTile’ in order to achieve a repeated pattern effect.

Implementers must take appropriate measures in constructing the tiled image to avoid artifacts between tiles, particularly in situations where the user to device transform includes shear and/or rotation. Unless care is taken, interpolation can lead to edge pixels in the tile having opacity values lower or higher than expected due to the interaction of painting adjacent tiles which each have partial overlap with particular pixels.

 

24 Filter primitive ‘feTurbulence’

This filter primitive creates an image using the Perlin turbulence function. It allows the synthesis of artificial textures like clouds or marble. For a detailed description the of the Perlin turbulence function, see "Texturing and Modeling", Ebert et al, AP Professional, 1994. The resulting image will fill the entire filter primitive subregion for this filter primitive.

It is possible to create bandwidth-limited noise by synthesizing only one octave.

The C code below shows the exact algorithm used for this filter effect.

For fractalSum, you get a turbFunctionResult that is aimed at a range of -1 to 1 (the actual result might exceed this range in some cases). To convert to a color value, use the formula colorValue = ((turbFunctionResult * 255) + 255) / 2, then clamp to the range 0 to 255.

For turbulence, you get a turbFunctionResult that is aimed at a range of 0 to 1 (the actual result might exceed this range in some cases). To convert to a color value, use the formula colorValue = (turbFunctionResult * 255), then clamp to the range 0 to 255.

The following order is used for applying the pseudo random numbers. An initial seed value is computed based on the ‘seed’ attribute. Then the implementation computes the lattice points for R, then continues getting additional pseudo random numbers relative to the last generated pseudo random number and computes the lattice points for G, and so on for B and A.

The generated color and alpha values are in the color space determined by the ‘color-interpolation-filters’ property:

/* Produces results in the range [1, 2**31 - 2].
Algorithm is: r = (a * r) mod m
where a = 16807 and m = 2**31 - 1 = 2147483647
See [Park & Miller], CACM vol. 31 no. 10 p. 1195, Oct. 1988
To test: the algorithm should produce the result 1043618065
as the 10,000th generated number if the original seed is 1.
*/
#define RAND_m 2147483647 /* 2**31 - 1 */
#define RAND_a 16807 /* 7**5; primitive root of m */
#define RAND_q 127773 /* m / a */
#define RAND_r 2836 /* m % a */
long setup_seed(long lSeed)
{
  if (lSeed <= 0) lSeed = -(lSeed % (RAND_m - 1)) + 1;
  if (lSeed > RAND_m - 1) lSeed = RAND_m - 1;
  return lSeed;
}
long random(long lSeed)
{
  long result;
  result = RAND_a * (lSeed % RAND_q) - RAND_r * (lSeed / RAND_q);
  if (result <= 0) result += RAND_m;
  return result;
}
#define BSize 0x100
#define BM 0xff
#define PerlinN 0x1000
#define NP 12 /* 2^PerlinN */
#define NM 0xfff
static uLatticeSelector[BSize + BSize + 2];
static double fGradient[4][BSize + BSize + 2][2];
struct StitchInfo
{
  int nWidth; // How much to subtract to wrap for stitching.
  int nHeight;
  int nWrapX; // Minimum value to wrap.
  int nWrapY;
};
static void init(long lSeed)
{
  double s;
  int i, j, k;
  lSeed = setup_seed(lSeed);
  for(k = 0; k < 4; k++)
  {
    for(i = 0; i < BSize; i++)
    {
      uLatticeSelector[i] = i;
      for (j = 0; j < 2; j++)
        fGradient[k][i][j] = (double)(((lSeed = random(lSeed)) % (BSize + BSize)) - BSize) / BSize;
      s = double(sqrt(fGradient[k][i][0] * fGradient[k][i][0] + fGradient[k][i][1] * fGradient[k][i][1]));
      fGradient[k][i][0] /= s;
      fGradient[k][i][1] /= s;
    }
  }
  while(--i)
  {
    k = uLatticeSelector[i];
    uLatticeSelector[i] = uLatticeSelector[j = (lSeed = random(lSeed)) % BSize];
    uLatticeSelector[j] = k;
  }
  for(i = 0; i < BSize + 2; i++)
  {
    uLatticeSelector[BSize + i] = uLatticeSelector[i];
    for(k = 0; k < 4; k++)
      for(j = 0; j < 2; j++)
        fGradient[k][BSize + i][j] = fGradient[k][i][j];
  }
}
#define s_curve(t) ( t * t * (3. - 2. * t) )
#define lerp(t, a, b) ( a + t * (b - a) )
double noise2(int nColorChannel, double vec[2], StitchInfo *pStitchInfo)
{
  int bx0, bx1, by0, by1, b00, b10, b01, b11;
  double rx0, rx1, ry0, ry1, *q, sx, sy, a, b, t, u, v;
  register i, j;
  t = vec[0] + PerlinN;
  bx0 = (int)t;
  bx1 = bx0+1;
  rx0 = t - (int)t;
  rx1 = rx0 - 1.0f;
  t = vec[1] + PerlinN;
  by0 = (int)t;
  by1 = by0+1;
  ry0 = t - (int)t;
  ry1 = ry0 - 1.0f;
  // If stitching, adjust lattice points accordingly.
  if(pStitchInfo != NULL)
  {
    if(bx0 >= pStitchInfo->nWrapX)
      bx0 -= pStitchInfo->nWidth;
    if(bx1 >= pStitchInfo->nWrapX)
      bx1 -= pStitchInfo->nWidth;
    if(by0 >= pStitchInfo->nWrapY)
      by0 -= pStitchInfo->nHeight;
    if(by1 >= pStitchInfo->nWrapY)
      by1 -= pStitchInfo->nHeight;
  }
  bx0 &= BM;
  bx1 &= BM;
  by0 &= BM;
  by1 &= BM;
  i = uLatticeSelector[bx0];
  j = uLatticeSelector[bx1];
  b00 = uLatticeSelector[i + by0];
  b10 = uLatticeSelector[j + by0];
  b01 = uLatticeSelector[i + by1];
  b11 = uLatticeSelector[j + by1];
  sx = double(s_curve(rx0));
  sy = double(s_curve(ry0));
  q = fGradient[nColorChannel][b00]; u = rx0 * q[0] + ry0 * q[1];
  q = fGradient[nColorChannel][b10]; v = rx1 * q[0] + ry0 * q[1];
  a = lerp(sx, u, v);
  q = fGradient[nColorChannel][b01]; u = rx0 * q[0] + ry1 * q[1];
  q = fGradient[nColorChannel][b11]; v = rx1 * q[0] + ry1 * q[1];
  b = lerp(sx, u, v);
  return lerp(sy, a, b);
}
double turbulence(int nColorChannel, double *point, double fBaseFreqX, double fBaseFreqY,
          int nNumOctaves, bool bFractalSum, bool bDoStitching,
          double fTileX, double fTileY, double fTileWidth, double fTileHeight)
{
  StitchInfo stitch;
  StitchInfo *pStitchInfo = NULL; // Not stitching when NULL.
  // Adjust the base frequencies if necessary for stitching.
  if(bDoStitching)
  {
    // When stitching tiled turbulence, the frequencies must be adjusted
    // so that the tile borders will be continuous.
    if(fBaseFreqX != 0.0)
    {
      double fLoFreq = double(floor(fTileWidth * fBaseFreqX)) / fTileWidth;
      double fHiFreq = double(ceil(fTileWidth * fBaseFreqX)) / fTileWidth;
      if(fBaseFreqX / fLoFreq < fHiFreq / fBaseFreqX)
        fBaseFreqX = fLoFreq;
      else
        fBaseFreqX = fHiFreq;
    }
    if(fBaseFreqY != 0.0)
    {
      double fLoFreq = double(floor(fTileHeight * fBaseFreqY)) / fTileHeight;
      double fHiFreq = double(ceil(fTileHeight * fBaseFreqY)) / fTileHeight;
      if(fBaseFreqY / fLoFreq < fHiFreq / fBaseFreqY)
        fBaseFreqY = fLoFreq;
      else
        fBaseFreqY = fHiFreq;
    }
    // Set up initial stitch values.
    pStitchInfo = &stitch;
    stitch.nWidth = int(fTileWidth * fBaseFreqX + 0.5f);
    stitch.nWrapX = fTileX * fBaseFreqX + PerlinN + stitch.nWidth;
    stitch.nHeight = int(fTileHeight * fBaseFreqY + 0.5f);
    stitch.nWrapY = fTileY * fBaseFreqY + PerlinN + stitch.nHeight;
  }
  double fSum = 0.0f;
  double vec[2];
  vec[0] = point[0] * fBaseFreqX;
  vec[1] = point[1] * fBaseFreqY;
  double ratio = 1;
  for(int nOctave = 0; nOctave < nNumOctaves; nOctave++)
  {
    if(bFractalSum)
      fSum += double(noise2(nColorChannel, vec, pStitchInfo) / ratio);
    else
      fSum += double(fabs(noise2(nColorChannel, vec, pStitchInfo)) / ratio);
    vec[0] *= 2;
    vec[1] *= 2;
    ratio *= 2;
    if(pStitchInfo != NULL)
    {
      // Update stitch values. Subtracting PerlinN before the multiplication and
      // adding it afterward simplifies to subtracting it once.
      stitch.nWidth *= 2;
      stitch.nWrapX = 2 * stitch.nWrapX - PerlinN;
      stitch.nHeight *= 2;
      stitch.nWrapY = 2 * stitch.nWrapY - PerlinN;
    }
  }
  return fSum;
}

Attribute definitions:

baseFrequency = "<number-optional-number>"

The base frequency (frequencies) parameter(s) for the noise function. If two <number>s are provided, the first number represents a base frequency in the X direction and the second value represents a base frequency in the Y direction. If one number is provided, then that value is used for both X and Y.

The lacuna value for ‘baseFrequency’ is 0.

Negative values are unsupported.

Animatable: yes.

numOctaves = "<integer>"

The numOctaves parameter for the noise function.

The lacuna value for ‘numOctaves’ is 1.

Negative values are unsupported.

Animatable: yes.

seed = "<number>"

The starting number for the pseudo random number generator.

The lacuna value for ‘seed’ is 0.

When the seed number is handed over to the algorithm above it must first be truncated, i.e. rounded to the closest integer value towards zero.

Animatable: yes.

stitchTiles = "stitch | noStitch"

If stitchTiles="noStitch", no attempt it made to achieve smooth transitions at the border of tiles which contain a turbulence function. Sometimes the result will show clear discontinuities at the tile borders.
If stitchTiles="stitch", then the user agent will automatically adjust baseFrequency-x and baseFrequency-y values such that the ‘feTurbulence’ node's width and height (i.e., the width and height of the current subregion) contains an integral number of the Perlin tile width and height for the first octave. The baseFrequency will be adjusted up or down depending on which way has the smallest relative (not absolute) change as follows: Given the frequency, calculate lowFreq=floor(width*frequency)/width and hiFreq=ceil(width*frequency)/width. If frequency/lowFreq < hiFreq/frequency then use lowFreq, else use hiFreq. While generating turbulence values, generate lattice vectors as normal for Perlin Noise, except for those lattice points that lie on the right or bottom edges of the active area (the size of the resulting tile). In those cases, copy the lattice vector from the opposite edge of the active area.

The lacuna value for ‘stitchTiles’ attribute is noStitch.

Animatable: yes.

type = "fractalNoise | turbulence"

Indicates whether the filter primitive should perform a noise or turbulence function.

The lacuna value for ‘type’ attribute is turbulence.

Animatable: yes.

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 
          "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg width="450px" height="325px" viewBox="0 0 450 325"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">
  <title>Example feTurbulence - Examples of feTurbulence operations</title>
  <desc>Six rectangular areas showing the effects of 
        various parameter settings for feTurbulence.</desc>
  <g  font-family="Verdana" text-anchor="middle" font-size="10" >
    <defs>
      <filter id="Turb1" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
              x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
        <feTurbulence type="turbulence" baseFrequency="0.05" numOctaves="2"/>
      </filter>
      <filter id="Turb2" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
              x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
        <feTurbulence type="turbulence" baseFrequency="0.1" numOctaves="2"/>
      </filter>
      <filter id="Turb3" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
              x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
        <feTurbulence type="turbulence" baseFrequency="0.05" numOctaves="8"/>
      </filter>
      <filter id="Turb4" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
              x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
        <feTurbulence type="fractalNoise" baseFrequency="0.1" numOctaves="4"/>
      </filter>
      <filter id="Turb5" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
              x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
        <feTurbulence type="fractalNoise" baseFrequency="0.4" numOctaves="4"/>
      </filter>
      <filter id="Turb6" filterUnits="objectBoundingBox" 
              x="0%" y="0%" width="100%" height="100%">
        <feTurbulence type="fractalNoise" baseFrequency="0.1" numOctaves="1"/>
      </filter>
    </defs>

    <rect x="1" y="1" width="448" height="323"
          fill="none" stroke="blue" stroke-width="1"  />

    <rect x="25" y="25" width="100" height="75" filter="url(#Turb1)"  />
    <text x="75" y="117">type=turbulence</text>
    <text x="75" y="129">baseFrequency=0.05</text>
    <text x="75" y="141">numOctaves=2</text>

    <rect x="175" y="25" width="100" height="75" filter="url(#Turb2)"  />
    <text x="225" y="117">type=turbulence</text>
    <text x="225" y="129">baseFrequency=0.1</text>
    <text x="225" y="141">numOctaves=2</text>

    <rect x="325" y="25" width="100" height="75" filter="url(#Turb3)"  />
    <text x="375" y="117">type=turbulence</text>
    <text x="375" y="129">baseFrequency=0.05</text>
    <text x="375" y="141">numOctaves=8</text>

    <rect x="25" y="180" width="100" height="75" filter="url(#Turb4)"  />
    <text x="75" y="272">type=fractalNoise</text>
    <text x="75" y="284">baseFrequency=0.1</text>
    <text x="75" y="296">numOctaves=4</text>

    <rect x="175" y="180" width="100" height="75" filter="url(#Turb5)"  />
    <text x="225" y="272">type=fractalNoise</text>
    <text x="225" y="284">baseFrequency=0.4</text>
    <text x="225" y="296">numOctaves=4</text>

    <rect x="325" y="180" width="100" height="75" filter="url(#Turb6)"  />
    <text x="375" y="272">type=fractalNoise</text>
    <text x="375" y="284">baseFrequency=0.1</text>
    <text x="375" y="296">numOctaves=1</text>
  </g>
</svg>
Example
Example

View this example as SVG (SVG-enabled browsers only)

25 Filter primitive ‘feDropShadow’

‘feDropShadow’
Categories:
None
Content model:
Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Attributes:
DOM Interfaces:

This filter creates a drop shadow of the input image. It is a shorthand filter, and is defined in terms of combinations of other filter primitives. The expectation is that it can be optimized more easily by implementations.

The result of a ‘feDropShadow’ filter primitive is equivalent to the following:

  <feGaussianBlur in="alpha-channel-of-feDropShadow-in" stdDeviation="stdDeviation-of-feDropShadow"/> 
  <feOffset dx="dx-of-feDropShadow" dy="dy-of-feDropShadow" result="offsetblur"/> 
  <feFlood flood-color="flood-color-of-feDropShadow" flood-opacity="flood-opacity-of-feDropShadow"/> 
  <feComposite in2="offsetblur" operator="in"/> 
  <feMerge> 
    <feMergeNode/>
    <feMergeNode in="in-of-feDropShadow"/> 
  </feMerge>

The above divided into steps:

  1. Take the alpha channel of the input to the ‘feDropShadow’ filter primitive and the ‘stdDeviation’ on the ‘feDropShadow’ and do processing as if the following ‘feGaussianBlur’ was applied:
    	<feGaussianBlur in="alpha-channel-of-feDropShadow-in" stdDeviation="stdDeviation-of-feDropShadow"/>

  2. Offset the result of step 1 by ‘dx’ and ‘dy’ as specified on the ‘feDropShadow’ element, equivalent to applying an ‘feOffset’ with these parameters:
    	<feOffset dx="dx-of-feDropShadow" dy="dy-of-feDropShadow" result="offsetblur"/>

  3. Do processing as if an ‘feFlood’ element with ‘flood-color’ and ‘flood-opacity’ as specified on the ‘feDropShadow’ was applied:
    	<feFlood flood-color="flood-color-of-feDropShadow" flood-opacity="flood-opacity-of-feDropShadow"/>

  4. Composite the result of the ‘feFlood’ in step 3 with the result of the ‘feOffset’ in step 2 as if an ‘feComposite’ filter primitive with operator='in' was applied:
    	<feComposite in2="offsetblur" operator="in"/>

  5. Finally merge the result of the previous step, doing processing as if the following ‘feMerge’ was performed:
    	<feMerge>
    	    <feMergeNode/>
    	    <feMergeNode in="in-of-feDropShadow"/>
    	</feMerge>

Note that while the definition of the ‘feDropShadow’ filter primitive says that it can be expanded into an equivalent tree it is not required that it is implemented like that. The expectation is that user agents can optimize the handling by not having to do all the steps separately.

Beyond the DOM interface SVGFEDropShadowElement there is no way of accessing the internals of the ‘feDropShadow’ filter primitive, meaning if the filter primitive is implemented as an equivalent tree then that tree must not be exposed to the DOM.

Attribute definitions:

dx = "<number>"

The x offset of the drop shadow.

The lacuna value for ‘dx’ is 2.

This attribute is then forwarded to the ‘dx’ attribute of the internal ‘feOffset’ element.

Animatable: yes.

dy = "<number>"

The y offset of the drop shadow.

The lacuna value for ‘dy’ is 2.

This attribute is then forwarded to the ‘dy’ attribute of the internal ‘feOffset’ element.

Animatable: yes.

stdDeviation = "<number-optional-number>"

The standard deviation for the blur operation in the drop shadow.

The lacuna value for ‘stdDeviation’ is 2.

This attribute is then forwarded to the ‘stdDeviation’ attribute of the internal ‘feGaussianBlur’ element.

Animatable: yes.

26 Filter primitive ‘feDiffuseSpecular’

The SVG WG is looking at providing a shorthand for diffuse+specular.

27 Filter primitive ‘feCustom’

The SVG WG is looking to add a filter primitive that allows programmatic access to the pixel data for a filter.

28 RelaxNG Schema for SVG Filters 1.2

The schema for SVG Filters 1.2 is written in RelaxNG [RelaxNG], a namespace-aware schema language that uses the datatypes from XML Schema Part 2 [Schema2]. This allows namespaces and modularity to be much more naturally expressed than using DTD syntax. The RelaxNG schema for SVG Filter 1.2 may be imported by other RelaxNG schemas, or combined with other schemas in other languages into a multi-namespace, multi-grammar schema using Namespace-based Validation Dispatching Language [NVDL].

Unlike a DTD, the schema used for validation is not hardcoded into the document instance. There is no equivalent to the DOCTYPE declaration. Simply point your editor or other validation tool to the IRI of the schema (or your local cached copy, as you prefer).

The RNG is under construction, and only the individual RNG snippets are available at this time. They have not yet been integrated into a functional schema. The individual RNG files are available here.

29 DOM interfaces

The interfaces below will be made available in a IDL file for an upcoming draft.

29 DOM interfaces

30.1 Interface ImageData

The ImageData interface corresponds to pixel data that can be used as input to the SVGFilterElement interface.
interface ImageData {
  readonly attribute long width;
  readonly attribute long height;
  readonly attribute  data;
};
Attributes:
width (readonly long)
The width of the bitmap that the ImageData represents.
height (readonly long)
The height of the bitmap that the ImageData represents.
data (readonly )
An array of pixel values that is the bitmap. This array must always be in the form of width√óheight√ó4 integer values. The pixel data is in left-to-right order, starting from the top-left corner, and going row by row downwards. Every pixel is represented by four integer values, red, green, blue and alpha, in that order. The range of each color component is 0..255. The intent is that this is compatible with the HTML5 [HTML5] canvas interfaces, in particular see ImageData.

30.2 Interface SVGFilterElement

The SVGFilterElement interface corresponds to the ‘filter’ element.
interface SVGFilterElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                             ::svg::SVGURIReference,
                             ::svg::SVGLangSpace,
                             ::svg::SVGExternalResourcesRequired,
                             ::svg::SVGStylable,
                             ::svg::SVGUnitTypes {

  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedEnumeration filterUnits;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedEnumeration primitiveUnits;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedLength x;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedLength y;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedLength width;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedLength height;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedInteger filterResX;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedInteger filterResY;

  void setFilterRes(in unsigned long filterResX, in unsigned long filterResY) raises(DOMException);
  ImageData apply(in ImageData source);
};
Attributes:
filterUnits (readonly SVGAnimatedEnumeration)
Corresponds to attribute ‘filterUnits’ on the given ‘filter’ element. Takes one of the constants defined in SVGUnitTypes.
primitiveUnits (readonly SVGAnimatedEnumeration)
Corresponds to attribute ‘primitiveUnits’ on the given ‘filter’ element. Takes one of the constants defined in SVGUnitTypes.
x (readonly SVGAnimatedLength)
Corresponds to attribute ‘x’ on the given ‘filter’ element.
y (readonly SVGAnimatedLength)
Corresponds to attribute ‘y’ on the given ‘filter’ element.
width (readonly SVGAnimatedLength)
Corresponds to attribute ‘width’ on the given ‘filter’ element.
height (readonly SVGAnimatedLength)
Corresponds to attribute ‘height’ on the given ‘filter’ element.
filterResX (readonly SVGAnimatedInteger)
Corresponds to attribute ‘filterRes’ on the given ‘filter’ element. Contains the X component of attribute ‘filterRes’.
filterResY (readonly SVGAnimatedInteger)
Corresponds to attribute ‘filterRes’ on the given ‘filter’ element. Contains the Y component (possibly computed automatically) of attribute ‘filterRes’.
Operations:
void setFilterRes(in unsigned long filterResX, in unsigned long filterResY)
Sets the values for attribute ‘filterRes’.
Parameters
  1. unsigned long filterResX
    The X component of attribute ‘filterRes’.
  2. unsigned long filterResY
    The Y component of attribute ‘filterRes’.
Exceptions
DOMException, code NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR
Raised on an attempt to change the value of a readonly attribute.
ImageData apply(in ImageData source)
Applies the filter to the given ImageData object and returns the result.
Parameters
  1. ImageData source
    The image to apply the filter to.
Returns
The result of the filter, see ImageData for how to construct this.

30.3 Interface SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes

This interface defines the set of DOM attributes that are common across the filter primitive interfaces.
interface SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes : ::svg::SVGStylable {
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedLength x;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedLength y;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedLength width;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedLength height;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString result;
};
Attributes:
x (readonly SVGAnimatedLength)
Corresponds to attribute ‘x’ on the given element.
y (readonly SVGAnimatedLength)
Corresponds to attribute ‘y’ on the given element.
width (readonly SVGAnimatedLength)
Corresponds to attribute ‘width’ on the given element.
height (readonly SVGAnimatedLength)
Corresponds to attribute ‘height’ on the given element.
result (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘result’ on the given element.

30.4 Interface SVGFEBlendElement

The SVGFEBlendElement interface corresponds to the ‘feBlend’ element.
interface SVGFEBlendElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                              SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {

  // Blend Mode Types
  const unsigned short SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_UNKNOWN = 0;
  const unsigned short SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_NORMAL = 1;
  const unsigned short SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_MULTIPLY = 2;
  const unsigned short SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_SCREEN = 3;
  const unsigned short SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_DARKEN = 4;
  const unsigned short SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_LIGHTEN = 5;

  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in1;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in2;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedEnumeration mode;
};
Constants in group “Blend Mode Types”:
SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_UNKNOWN (unsigned short)
The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_NORMAL (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'normal'.
SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_MULTIPLY (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'multiply'.
SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_SCREEN (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'screen'.
SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_DARKEN (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'darken'.
SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_LIGHTEN (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'lighten'.
Attributes:
in1 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in’ on the given ‘feBlend’ element.
in2 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in2’ on the given ‘feBlend’ element.
mode (readonly SVGAnimatedEnumeration)
Corresponds to attribute ‘mode’ on the given ‘feBlend’ element. Takes one of the SVG_FEBLEND_MODE_* constants defined on this interface.

30.5 Interface SVGFEColorMatrixElement

The SVGFEColorMatrixElement interface corresponds to the ‘feColorMatrix’ element.
interface SVGFEColorMatrixElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                                    SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {

  // Color Matrix Types
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0;
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_MATRIX = 1;
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_SATURATE = 2;
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_HUEROTATE = 3;
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_LUMINANCETOALPHA = 4;

  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in1;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedEnumeration type;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumberList values;
};
Constants in group “Color Matrix Types”:
SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_UNKNOWN (unsigned short)
The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_MATRIX (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'matrix'.
SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_SATURATE (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'saturate'.
SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_HUEROTATE (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'hueRotate'.
SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_LUMINANCETOALPHA (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'luminanceToAlpha'.
Attributes:
in1 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in’ on the given ‘feColorMatrix’ element.
type (readonly SVGAnimatedEnumeration)
Corresponds to attribute ‘type’ on the given ‘feColorMatrix’ element. Takes one of the SVG_FECOLORMATRIX_TYPE_* constants defined on this interface.
values (readonly SVGAnimatedNumberList)
Corresponds to attribute ‘values’ on the given ‘feColorMatrix’ element.

30.6 Interface SVGFEComponentTransferElement

The SVGFEComponentTransferElement interface corresponds to the ‘feComponentTransfer’ element.
interface SVGFEComponentTransferElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                                          SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in1;
};
Attributes:
in1 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in’ on the given ‘feComponentTransfer’ element.

30.7 Interface SVGComponentTransferFunctionElement

This interface defines a base interface used by the component transfer function interfaces.
interface SVGComponentTransferFunctionElement : ::svg::SVGElement {

  // Component Transfer Types
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANSFER_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0;
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANSFER_TYPE_IDENTITY = 1;
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANSFER_TYPE_TABLE = 2;
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANSFER_TYPE_DISCRETE = 3;
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANSFER_TYPE_LINEAR = 4;
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANSFER_TYPE_GAMMA = 5;

  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedEnumeration type;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumberList tableValues;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber slope;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber intercept;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber amplitude;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber exponent;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber offset;
};
Constants in group “Component Transfer Types”:
SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANSFER_TYPE_UNKNOWN (unsigned short)
The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANSFER_TYPE_IDENTITY (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'identity'.
SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANSFER_TYPE_TABLE (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'table'.
SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANSFER_TYPE_DISCRETE (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'discrete'.
SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANSFER_TYPE_LINEAR (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'linear'.
SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANSFER_TYPE_GAMMA (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'gamma'.
Attributes:
type (readonly SVGAnimatedEnumeration)
Corresponds to attribute ‘type’ on the given element. Takes one of the SVG_FECOMPONENTTRANSFER_TYPE_* constants defined on this interface.
tableValues (readonly SVGAnimatedNumberList)
Corresponds to attribute ‘tableValues’ on the given element.
slope (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘slope’ on the given element.
intercept (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘intercept’ on the given element.
amplitude (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘amplitude’ on the given element.
exponent (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘exponent’ on the given element.
offset (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘offset’ on the given element.

30.8 Interface SVGFEFuncRElement

The SVGFEFuncRElement interface corresponds to the ‘feFuncR’ element.
interface SVGFEFuncRElement : SVGComponentTransferFunctionElement {
};

30.9 Interface SVGFEFuncGElement

The SVGFEFuncRElement interface corresponds to the ‘feFuncG’ element.
interface SVGFEFuncGElement : SVGComponentTransferFunctionElement {
};

30.10 Interface SVGFEFuncBElement

The SVGFEFuncBElement interface corresponds to the ‘feFuncB’ element.
interface SVGFEFuncBElement : SVGComponentTransferFunctionElement {
};

30.11 Interface SVGFEFuncAElement

The SVGFEFuncAElement interface corresponds to the ‘feFuncA’ element.
interface SVGFEFuncAElement : SVGComponentTransferFunctionElement {
};

30.12 Interface SVGFECompositeElement

The SVGFECompositeElement interface corresponds to the ‘feComposite’ element.
interface SVGFECompositeElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                                  SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {

  // Composite Operators
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_UNKNOWN = 0;
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_OVER = 1;
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_IN = 2;
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_OUT = 3;
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_ATOP = 4;
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_XOR = 5;
  const unsigned short SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_ARITHMETIC = 6;

  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in1;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in2;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedEnumeration operator;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber k1;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber k2;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber k3;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber k4;
};
Constants in group “Composite Operators”:
SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_UNKNOWN (unsigned short)
The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_OVER (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'over'.
SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_IN (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'in'.
SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_OUT (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'out'.
SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_ATOP (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'atop'.
SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_XOR (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'xor'.
SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_ARITHMETIC (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'arithmetic'.
Attributes:
in1 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in’ on the given ‘feComposite’ element.
in2 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in2’ on the given ‘feComposite’ element.
operator (readonly SVGAnimatedEnumeration)
Corresponds to attribute ‘operator’ on the given ‘feComposite’ element. Takes one of the SVG_FECOMPOSITE_OPERATOR_* constants defined on this interface.
k1 (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘k1’ on the given ‘feComposite’ element.
k2 (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘k2’ on the given ‘feComposite’ element.
k3 (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘k3’ on the given ‘feComposite’ element.
k4 (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘k4’ on the given ‘feComposite’ element.

30.13 Interface SVGFEConvolveMatrixElement

The SVGFEConvolveMatrixElement interface corresponds to the ‘feConvolveMatrix’ element.
interface SVGFEConvolveMatrixElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                                       SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {

  // Edge Mode Values
  const unsigned short SVG_EDGEMODE_UNKNOWN = 0;
  const unsigned short SVG_EDGEMODE_DUPLICATE = 1;
  const unsigned short SVG_EDGEMODE_WRAP = 2;
  const unsigned short SVG_EDGEMODE_NONE = 3;

  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in1;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedInteger orderX;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedInteger orderY;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumberList kernelMatrix;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber divisor;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber bias;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedInteger targetX;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedInteger targetY;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedEnumeration edgeMode;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber kernelUnitLengthX;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber kernelUnitLengthY;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedBoolean preserveAlpha;
};
Constants in group “Edge Mode Values”:
SVG_EDGEMODE_UNKNOWN (unsigned short)
The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
SVG_EDGEMODE_DUPLICATE (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'duplicate'.
SVG_EDGEMODE_WRAP (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'wrap'.
SVG_EDGEMODE_NONE (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'none'.
Attributes:
in1 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in’ on the given ‘feConvolveMatrix’ element.
orderX (readonly SVGAnimatedInteger)
Corresponds to attribute ‘order’ on the given ‘feConvolveMatrix’ element.
orderY (readonly SVGAnimatedInteger)
Corresponds to attribute ‘order’ on the given ‘feConvolveMatrix’ element.
kernelMatrix (readonly SVGAnimatedNumberList)
Corresponds to attribute ‘kernelMatrix’ on the given ‘feConvolveMatrix’ element.
divisor (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘divisor’ on the given ‘feConvolveMatrix’ element.
bias (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘bias’ on the given ‘feConvolveMatrix’ element.
targetX (readonly SVGAnimatedInteger)
Corresponds to attribute ‘targetX’ on the given ‘feConvolveMatrix’ element.
targetY (readonly SVGAnimatedInteger)
Corresponds to attribute ‘targetY’ on the given ‘feConvolveMatrix’ element.
edgeMode (readonly SVGAnimatedEnumeration)
Corresponds to attribute ‘edgeMode’ on the given ‘feConvolveMatrix’ element. Takes one of the SVG_EDGEMODE_* constants defined on this interface.
kernelUnitLengthX (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘kernelUnitLength’ on the given ‘feConvolveMatrix’ element.
kernelUnitLengthY (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘kernelUnitLength’ on the given ‘feConvolveMatrix’ element.
preserveAlpha (readonly SVGAnimatedBoolean)
Corresponds to attribute ‘preserveAlpha’ on the given ‘feConvolveMatrix’ element.

30.14 Interface SVGFEDiffuseLightingElement

The SVGFEDiffuseLightingElement interface corresponds to the ‘feDiffuseLighting’ element.
interface SVGFEDiffuseLightingElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                                        SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in1;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber surfaceScale;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber diffuseConstant;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber kernelUnitLengthX;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber kernelUnitLengthY;
};
Attributes:
in1 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in’ on the given ‘feDiffuseLighting’ element.
surfaceScale (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘surfaceScale’ on the given ‘feDiffuseLighting’ element.
diffuseConstant (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘diffuseConstant’ on the given ‘feDiffuseLighting’ element.
kernelUnitLengthX (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘kernelUnitLength’ on the given ‘feDiffuseLighting’ element.
kernelUnitLengthY (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘kernelUnitLength’ on the given ‘feDiffuseLighting’ element.

30.15 Interface SVGFEDistantLightElement

The SVGFEDistantLightElement interface corresponds to the ‘feDistantLight’ element.
interface SVGFEDistantLightElement : ::svg::SVGElement {
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber azimuth;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber elevation;
};
Attributes:
azimuth (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘azimuth’ on the given ‘feDistantLight’ element.
elevation (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘elevation’ on the given ‘feDistantLight’ element.

30.16 Interface SVGFEPointLightElement

The SVGFEPointLightElement interface corresponds to the ‘fePointLight’ element.
interface SVGFEPointLightElement : ::svg::SVGElement {
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber x;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber y;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber z;
};
Attributes:
x (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘x’ on the given ‘fePointLight’ element.
y (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘y’ on the given ‘fePointLight’ element.
z (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘z’ on the given ‘fePointLight’ element.

30.17 Interface SVGFESpotLightElement

The SVGFESpotLightElement interface corresponds to the ‘feSpotLight’ element.
interface SVGFESpotLightElement : ::svg::SVGElement {
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber x;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber y;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber z;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber pointsAtX;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber pointsAtY;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber pointsAtZ;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber specularExponent;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber limitingConeAngle;
};
Attributes:
x (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘x’ on the given ‘feSpotLight’ element.
y (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘y’ on the given ‘feSpotLight’ element.
z (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘z’ on the given ‘feSpotLight’ element.
pointsAtX (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘pointsAtX’ on the given ‘feSpotLight’ element.
pointsAtY (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘pointsAtY’ on the given ‘feSpotLight’ element.
pointsAtZ (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘pointsAtZ’ on the given ‘feSpotLight’ element.
specularExponent (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘specularExponent’ on the given ‘feSpotLight’ element.
limitingConeAngle (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘limitingConeAngle’ on the given ‘feSpotLight’ element.

30.18 Interface SVGFEDisplacementMapElement

The SVGFEDisplacementMapElement interface corresponds to the ‘feDisplacementMap’ element.
interface SVGFEDisplacementMapElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                                        SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {

  // Channel Selectors
  const unsigned short SVG_CHANNEL_UNKNOWN = 0;
  const unsigned short SVG_CHANNEL_R = 1;
  const unsigned short SVG_CHANNEL_G = 2;
  const unsigned short SVG_CHANNEL_B = 3;
  const unsigned short SVG_CHANNEL_A = 4;

  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in1;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in2;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber scale;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedEnumeration xChannelSelector;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedEnumeration yChannelSelector;
};
Constants in group “Channel Selectors”:
SVG_CHANNEL_UNKNOWN (unsigned short)
The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
SVG_CHANNEL_R (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'R'.
SVG_CHANNEL_G (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'G'.
SVG_CHANNEL_B (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'B'.
SVG_CHANNEL_A (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'A'.
Attributes:
in1 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in’ on the given ‘feDisplacementMap’ element.
in2 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in2’ on the given ‘feDisplacementMap’ element.
scale (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘scale’ on the given ‘feDisplacementMap’ element.
xChannelSelector (readonly SVGAnimatedEnumeration)
Corresponds to attribute ‘xChannelSelector’ on the given ‘feDisplacementMap’ element. Takes one of the SVG_CHANNEL_* constants defined on this interface.
yChannelSelector (readonly SVGAnimatedEnumeration)
Corresponds to attribute ‘yChannelSelector’ on the given ‘feDisplacementMap’ element. Takes one of the SVG_CHANNEL_* constants defined on this interface.

30.19 Interface SVGFEFloodElement

The SVGFEFloodElement interface corresponds to the ‘feFlood’ element.
interface SVGFEFloodElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                              SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {
};

30.20 Interface SVGFEGaussianBlurElement

The SVGFEGaussianBlurElement interface corresponds to the ‘feGaussianBlur’ element.
interface SVGFEGaussianBlurElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                                     SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {

  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in1;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber stdDeviationX;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber stdDeviationY;

  void setStdDeviation(in float stdDeviationX, in float stdDeviationY) raises(DOMException);
};
Attributes:
in1 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in’ on the given ‘feGaussianBlur’ element.
stdDeviationX (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘stdDeviation’ on the given ‘feGaussianBlur’ element. Contains the X component of attribute ‘stdDeviation’.
stdDeviationY (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘stdDeviation’ on the given ‘feGaussianBlur’ element. Contains the Y component (possibly computed automatically) of attribute ‘stdDeviation’.
Operations:
void setStdDeviation(in float stdDeviationX, in float stdDeviationY)
Sets the values for attribute ‘stdDeviation’.
Parameters
  1. float stdDeviationX
    The X component of attribute ‘stdDeviation’.
  2. float stdDeviationY
    The Y component of attribute ‘stdDeviation’.
Exceptions
DOMException, code NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR
Raised on an attempt to change the value of a readonly attribute.

30.21 Interface SVGFEImageElement

The SVGFEImageElement interface corresponds to the ‘feImage’ element.
interface SVGFEImageElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                              ::svg::SVGURIReference,
                              ::svg::SVGLangSpace,
                              ::svg::SVGExternalResourcesRequired,
                              SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedPreserveAspectRatio preserveAspectRatio;
};
Attributes:
preserveAspectRatio (readonly SVGAnimatedPreserveAspectRatio)
Corresponds to attribute ‘preserveAspectRatio’ on the given ‘feImage’ element.

30.22 Interface SVGFEMergeElement

The SVGFEMergeElement interface corresponds to the ‘feMerge’ element.
interface SVGFEMergeElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                              SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {
};

30.23 Interface SVGFEMergeNodeElement

The SVGFEMergeNodeElement interface corresponds to the ‘feMergeNode’ element.
interface SVGFEMergeNodeElement : ::svg::SVGElement {
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in1;
};
Attributes:
in1 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in’ on the given ‘feMergeNode’ element.

30.24 Interface SVGFEMorphologyElement

The SVGFEMorphologyElement interface corresponds to the ‘feMorphology’ element.
interface SVGFEMorphologyElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                                   SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {

  // Morphology Operators
  const unsigned short SVG_MORPHOLOGY_OPERATOR_UNKNOWN = 0;
  const unsigned short SVG_MORPHOLOGY_OPERATOR_ERODE = 1;
  const unsigned short SVG_MORPHOLOGY_OPERATOR_DILATE = 2;

  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in1;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedEnumeration operator;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber radiusX;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber radiusY;
};
Constants in group “Morphology Operators”:
SVG_MORPHOLOGY_OPERATOR_UNKNOWN (unsigned short)
The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
SVG_MORPHOLOGY_OPERATOR_ERODE (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'erode'.
SVG_MORPHOLOGY_OPERATOR_DILATE (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'dilate'.
Attributes:
in1 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in’ on the given ‘feMorphology’ element.
operator (readonly SVGAnimatedEnumeration)
Corresponds to attribute ‘operator’ on the given ‘feMorphology’ element. Takes one of the SVG_MORPHOLOGY_OPERATOR_* constants defined on this interface.
radiusX (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘radius’ on the given ‘feMorphology’ element.
radiusY (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘radius’ on the given ‘feMorphology’ element.

30.25 Interface SVGFEOffsetElement

The SVGFEOffsetElement interface corresponds to the ‘feOffset’ element.
interface SVGFEOffsetElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                               SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in1;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber dx;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber dy;
};
Attributes:
in1 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in’ on the given ‘feOffset’ element.
dx (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘dx’ on the given ‘feOffset’ element.
dy (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘dy’ on the given ‘feOffset’ element.

30.26 Interface SVGFESpecularLightingElement

The SVGFESpecularLightingElement interface corresponds to the ‘feSpecularLighting’ element.
interface SVGFESpecularLightingElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                                         SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in1;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber surfaceScale;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber specularConstant;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber specularExponent;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber kernelUnitLengthX;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber kernelUnitLengthY;
};
Attributes:
in1 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in’ on the given ‘feSpecularLighting’ element.
surfaceScale (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘surfaceScale’ on the given ‘feSpecularLighting’ element.
specularConstant (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘specularConstant’ on the given ‘feSpecularLighting’ element.
specularExponent (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘specularExponent’ on the given ‘feSpecularLighting’ element.
kernelUnitLengthX (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘kernelUnitLength’ on the given ‘feSpecularLighting’ element.
kernelUnitLengthY (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘kernelUnitLength’ on the given ‘feSpecularLighting’ element.

30.27 Interface SVGFETileElement

The SVGFETileElement interface corresponds to the ‘feTile’ element.
interface SVGFETileElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                             SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in1;
};
Attributes:
in1 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
Corresponds to attribute ‘in’ on the given ‘feTile’ element.

30.28 Interface SVGFETurbulenceElement

The SVGFETurbulenceElement interface corresponds to the ‘feTurbulence’ element.
interface SVGFETurbulenceElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                                   SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {

  // Turbulence Types
  const unsigned short SVG_TURBULENCE_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0;
  const unsigned short SVG_TURBULENCE_TYPE_FRACTALNOISE = 1;
  const unsigned short SVG_TURBULENCE_TYPE_TURBULENCE = 2;

  // Stitch Options
  const unsigned short SVG_STITCHTYPE_UNKNOWN = 0;
  const unsigned short SVG_STITCHTYPE_STITCH = 1;
  const unsigned short SVG_STITCHTYPE_NOSTITCH = 2;

  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber baseFrequencyX;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber baseFrequencyY;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedInteger numOctaves;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber seed;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedEnumeration stitchTiles;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedEnumeration type;
};
Constants in group “Turbulence Types”:
SVG_TURBULENCE_TYPE_UNKNOWN (unsigned short)
The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
SVG_TURBULENCE_TYPE_FRACTALNOISE (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'fractalNoise'.
SVG_TURBULENCE_TYPE_TURBULENCE (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'turbulence'.
Constants in group “Stitch Options”:
SVG_STITCHTYPE_UNKNOWN (unsigned short)
The type is not one of predefined types. It is invalid to attempt to define a new value of this type or to attempt to switch an existing value to this type.
SVG_STITCHTYPE_STITCH (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'stitch'.
SVG_STITCHTYPE_NOSTITCH (unsigned short)
Corresponds to value 'noStitch'.
Attributes:
baseFrequencyX (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘baseFrequency’ on the given ‘feTurbulence’ element. Contains the X component of the ‘baseFrequency’ attribute.
baseFrequencyY (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘baseFrequency’ on the given ‘feTurbulence’ element. Contains the Y component of the (possibly computed automatically) ‘baseFrequency’ attribute.
numOctaves (readonly SVGAnimatedInteger)
Corresponds to attribute ‘numOctaves’ on the given ‘feTurbulence’ element.
seed (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
Corresponds to attribute ‘seed’ on the given ‘feTurbulence’ element.
stitchTiles (readonly SVGAnimatedEnumeration)
Corresponds to attribute ‘stitchTiles’ on the given ‘feTurbulence’ element. Takes one of the SVG_STITCHTYPE_* constants defined on this interface.
type (readonly SVGAnimatedEnumeration)
Corresponds to attribute ‘type’ on the given ‘feTurbulence’ element. Takes one of the SVG_TURBULENCE_TYPE_* constants defined on this interface.

30.29 Interface SVGFEDropShadowElement

The SVGFEDropShadowElement interface corresponds to the ‘feDropShadow’ element.
interface SVGFEDropShadowElement : ::svg::SVGElement,
                                   SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes {
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedString in1;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber dx;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber dy;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber stdDeviationX;
  readonly attribute SVGAnimatedNumber stdDeviationY;
};
Attributes:
in1 (readonly SVGAnimatedString)
 
dx (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
 
dy (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
 
stdDeviationX (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
 
stdDeviationY (readonly SVGAnimatedNumber)
 

31 References

31.1 Normative References

[CSS21]
Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification, Bert Bos, Tantek Çelik, Ian Hickson, Håkon Wium Lie, eds., W3C, 23 April 2009, (Candidate Recommendation)
[NVDL]
Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) — Part 4: Namespace-based Validation Dispatching Language — NVDL. ISO/IEC FCD 19757-4, See http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~eb2m-mrt/dsdl/
[PORTERDUFF]
Compositing Digital Images, T. Porter, T. Duff, SIGGRAPH '84 Conference Proceedings, Association for Computing Machinery, Volume 18, Number 3, July 1984.
[RelaxNG]
Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) — Part 2: Regular grammar- based validation — RELAX NG. ISO/IEC FDIS 19757-2:2002(E), J. Clark, 村田 真 (Murata M.), eds., 12 December 2002. See http://www.y12.doe.gov/sgml/sc34/document/0362_files/relaxng-is.pdf
[Schema2]
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, P. Biron, A. Malhotra, eds. W3C, 28 October 2004 (Recommendation). Latest version available at http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/. See also Processing XML 1.1 documents with XML Schema 1.0 processors.
[SVG11]
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 Specification, Dean Jackson editor, W3C, 14 January 2003 (Recommendation). See http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-SVG11-20030114/
[SVGT12]
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Tiny 1.2 Specification, Dean Jackson editor, W3C, 22 December 2008 (Recommendation). See http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-SVGTiny12-20081222/

31.2 Informative References

[HTML5]
HTML5, Ian Hickson editor, Google, 10 June 2008 (Working Draft). See http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-html5-20080610/

32 Changes

For changes since the last published draft, see the public cvs log.